Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

<p>Abuse Liability Evaluation.- Acamprosate.- Acetylcholinesterase and Cognitive Enhancement.- Active Avoidance.- Addictive Disorder: Animal Models.- Adjustment Disorders.- Adolescence and Responses to Drugs.- Aggression.- Aggressive Behavior: Clinical Aspects.- Agoraphobia.- Alcohol.- Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.-Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment: Pharmacogenetics.- Alcohol Preference Tests.- Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder.- Amine Depletors.- Aminergic Hypotheses for Depression.- Aminergic Hypothesis for Schizophrenia.-Analgesics.- Animal Models for Psychiatric States.- Anticonvulsants.- Antidepressants.- Antidepressants: Recent Developments.- Antinociception Test Methods.- Anti-Parkinson Drugs.- Antipsychotic Drugs.- Antipsychotic Medication: Future Prospects.- Antisense Oligonucleotides.- Anxiety: Animal Models.- Apoptosis.- Appetite Stimulants.- Appetite Suppressants.- Arginine-Vasopressin.-Atomoxetine.- Attention.- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders: Animal Models.- Attentional Bias to Drug Cues.- Atypical Depression.- Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.- Autism: Animal Models.- Barbiturates.- Behavioral Despair.- Behavioral Economics.- Behavioral Flexibility: Attentional Shifting, Rule Switching and Response Reversal.- Behavioral Tolerance.- Benzodiazepines.- Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- Bipolar Disorder.- Bipolar Disorder in Children.- Blocking, Overshadowing and Related Concepts.- Blood-Brain Barrier.- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.- Caffeine.- Caffeine Intoxication.- Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids.- Cannabis Use Disorders.- Cholecystokinins.- Circadian Rhythms.- Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning.- Classical Conditioning and Psychoactive Drugs.- Classification of Psychoactive Drugs.- Cocaine.- Cocaine Dependence.- Cognitive Enhancers: Role of the Glutamate System.- Comorbid Insomnia.- Conditioned Drug Effects.- Conditioned Place Preference and Aversion.- Conditioned Taste Aversions.- Conditioned Taste Preferences.- Consolidation and Reconsolidation.- Contingency Management in Drug Dependence.- Corticotropin-Releasing FactorD-cycloserine.- Declarative and Non-Declarative Memory.- Delayed Onset of Drug Effects.- Delirium.- Delusional Disorder.- Dementias and Other Amnestic Disorders.- Dementias: Animal Models.- Depression: Animal Models.- Depression: Response and Remission.- Depressive Disorders in Children.- Depressive Disorders: Major, Minor, and Mixed.- Dissociative Anesthetics.- Distress Vocalization.- Disulfiram.- Driving and Flying Under Influence of Drugs.- Drug Discrimination.- Drug Interactions.- Dysthymic Disorder (Persistent Depressive Disorder).- Eating and Appetite.- Eating Disorder: Anorexia Nervosa.- Eating Disorders: Animal Models.- Eating Disorders: Binge-Eating.- Electrochemical Techniques and Advances in Psychopharmacology.- Electroencephalography.- Elevated Plus Maze.- Emotion and Mood.- Environmental Enrichment and Drug Action.- Epigenetics.- Ethical Issues in Animal Psychopharmacology.- Ethical Issues in Human Psychopharmacology.- Ethopharmacology.- Event-Related Potentials.- Excitatory Amino Acids and Their Antagonists.- Expectancies and Their Influence on Drug Effects.- Extracellular Recording.- Eye Movement Tasks.- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.- First-Generation Antipsychotics.- Fragile X Syndrome.- Functional Scales.- Generalized Anxiety Disorder.- Genetically Modified Animals.- Habituation.- Hallucinations.- Hallucinogen Abuse and Dependence.- Hallucinogens.- Herbal Remedies.- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.- Histaminic Agonists and Antagonists.- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.- History of Psychopharmacology.- Hypersomnias.- Hypocretins.- Illness Anxiety Disorder, Somatic Symptom Disorder, and Body Dysmorphic Disorder.- Impulse Control Disorders.- Impulsivity.- Incubation of Drug-Seeking.- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Inhalant and Solvent Abuse.- Inhibition of Memory.- Inhibitory Amino Acids and Their Receptor Ligands.- Insomnias.- Instrumental Conditioning.- Inter-Temporal Choice.- Intracellular Recording.- Intracranial Self-Stimulation.- Inverse Agonists.- Ketamine.- Khat.- Kinase Inhibitors.-Latent Inhibition.- Learning and Memory: Molecular Mechanisms.- Legal Aspects of Psychopharmacology.- Leptin.- Licensing and Regulation of Medicines in the UK.- Lipophilicity.- Liquid Diet for Administering Alcohol.- Lithium.- Long-Term Depression and Memory.- Long-Term Potentiation and Memory.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Functional).- Medication Adherence.- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).- Methylphenidate and Related Compounds.- Microdialysis.- Microiontophoresis and Related Methods.- Mild Cognitive Impairment.- Modafinil.- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.- Mood Stabilizers.- Motor Activity and Stereotypy.- Movement Disorders Induced by Medications.-Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists.- NARI Antidepressants.- Nerve Growth Factor.- Neuroactive Steroids.- Neurodegeneration and Its Prevention.- Neuroendocrine Markers for Drug Action.- Neurogenesis.- Neuroprotectants: Novel Approaches for Dementias.- Neuroprotection.- Neurotensin.- Neurotoxicity and Schizophrenia.- Neurotoxins.- Nicotine.- Nicotine Dependence and Its Treatment.- Nicotinic Agonists and Antagonists.- Non-Benzodiazepine Agonists.- Obsessive-Compulsive Anxiety Disorders.- Obsessive-Compulsive Anxiety Disorders in Childhood.- Occasion Setting with Drugs.- Open-Field Test.- Operant Behavior in Animals.- Opioid Dependence and Its Treatment.- Opioids.- Optogenetics.- Oxytocin.- Pain and Psychopharmacology.- Panic.- Parasomnias.- Passive Avoidance.- Pathological Gambling.- Pavlovian Fear Conditioning.- Pediatric Schizophrenia.- Perinatal Exposure to Drugs.- Perinatal Use of Antidepressants.- Personality: Neurobehavioural Foundation and Pharmacological Protocols.- Pharmaceutical Cognitive Enhancers: Neuroscience and Society.- Pharmacodynamic Tolerance.- Pharmacogenetics.- Pharmacokinetics.- Phenotyping of Behavioral Characteristics.- Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Depletion.- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors.- Placebo Effect.- Platelets.- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging.- Postpsychotic Depressive Disorder of Schizophrenia.- Premenstrual Dysphoric Mood Disorder.- Pre-psychotic States and Prodromal Symptoms.- Prepulse Inhibition.- Primate Models of Cognition.- Protein Synthesis and Memory.- Proteomics.- Psychomotor Performance in Humans.- Psychophysiological Methods.- Psychostimulant Dependence and Its Treatment.- Psychostimulants.- Punishment Procedures.- Randomized Controlled Trials.- Rate-Dependency Theory.- Rating Scales and Diagnostic Schemata.- Receptors: Binding Assays.- Receptors: Functional Assays.- Recurrent Brief Depressive Disorder.- Reinforcement Disorders.- Reinstatement of Drug Self-Administration.-Ritual Uses of Psychoactive Drugs.- Rodent Tests of Cognition.- Schizoaffective Disorder.- Schizophrenia.- Schizophrenia: Animal Models.- Schizophrenia: Cognitive Impairment.- Schizophrenia: Management of Treatment-Resistance.- Schizophrenia: Remission.- Schizophrenia: Violent Behavior.- Schizotypal Personality Disorder.- Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotics.- Sedative, Hypnotic, and Anxiolytic Dependence.- Self-Administration of Drugs.- Sensitization to Drugs.- Serotonin Syndrome.- Sex Differences in Drug Effects.- Sex Hormones.- Sexual Behavior.- Sexual Disorders.- Short-Term and Working Memory in Animals.- Short-Term and Working Memory in Humans.- Sign-Tracking.- SNRI Antidepressants.- Social Anxiety Disorder.- Social Behavior.- Social Stress.- Somatostatin.- Spatial Learning in Animals.- Spatial Memory in Humans.- SPECT Imaging.- SSRIs and Related Compounds.- State Dependence of Memory.- State Dependent Learning and Memory.- Stress: Influence on Relapse to Substance Use.- Substance Use Disorders: A Theoretical Framework.- Suicide.- Synaptic Plasticity.- Tachykinins.- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.- Tic Disorders with Childhood Onset.- Timing Behavior.- Trace Amines.- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.- Translational Research in Drug Discovery.- Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.- Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychopharmacology.- Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder).- Trier Social Stress Test.- Tryptophan Depletion.- Ultrasonic Vocalizations.- Vaccines and Drug-Specific Antibodies.- Verbal and Non-Verbal Learning in Humans.- Wakefulness.- Withdrawal Syndromes.</p><p> </p><p>