Preface.- Why RNA and DNA have different structures.- Regulatory RNAs as Mediators of Virulence Gene Expression in Bacteria.- Regulatory RNAs in Mammals.- Aminoglycoside Interactions with RNAs and Nucleases.- High Throughput RNA Interference in Functional Genomics.- .- Antiviral Applications of RNAi.- RNA Interference: Its Use as Antiviral Therapy.- Gene Silencing of Virus Replication by RNA Interference.- Progress in the Development of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.- Screening and Determination of Gene Function Using Randomized Ribozyme and siRNA Libraries.- Ribozymes and siRNA: From Structure to Preclinical Applications.- Strategies to Identify Potential Therapeutic Targets in RNA.- Oligonucleotide-based Antiviral Strategies.- Gene Expressed RNA as a Therapeutics:Issues to Consider Using Ribozymes and Small Hairpin RNA as Specific Example.- RNA Aptamers: From Basic Science Towards Therapy.- RNA Aptamers Directed Against Oligosaccharides.- Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Biomedical Applications.- Application of Aptamers in Therapeutics and for Small Molecule Detection.- RNA Aptamers as Potential Pharmaceuticals Against Infections with African Trypanosomes.- RNA Targeting using Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA).- Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA): High Affinity Targeting of Complementary RNA for RNomics.- Engineering RNA Based Circuits .- Selection of RNase Resistant RNAs