Modeling of Plume Rise and Dispersion — The University of Salford Model: U.S.P.R.

1. Introduction.- 2. Forced Plume Model.- 2.1 Formulation of basic model equations.- 2.2 Entrainment velocity.- 2.3 Surface roughness and wind profile.- 2.4 Dense effluents.- 3. Cross-Sectional Profiles.- 3. 1 Top Hat and Gaussian profiles.- 3.2 Radial length scales.- 3.3 Urban plumes.- 4. Gaussian Plume Model.- 4.1 Fickian diffusion.- 4.2 The third phase and its relation to Fickian diffusion.- 5. Ground Level Concentrations.- 6. Software specification.- 7. Conclusions.- References.