Grapevine Yellows Diseases and Their Phytoplasma Agents

<div><br></div><div>Phytoplasmas – dangerous and intriguing bacteria</div><div>Abstract</div><div>History and biology</div><div>Taxonomy and detection methods</div><div>Management of phytoplasmas and insect vectors</div><div>Worldwide distribution and identification of &nbsp; &nbsp;grapevine yellows diseases</div><div>Abstract</div><div>Introduction</div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Europe </div><div>16SrV phytoplasmas: “Flavescence dorée” and “Palatinate GY” </div><div>“Bois noir” </div><div>Aster yellows phytoplasmas in Europe</div><div>Minor phytoplasmas reported in Europe and Eurasia</div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in America</div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in USA </div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Canada </div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in South America</div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Africa </div><div>Ggrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Australia</div><div>Interactions between grapevines and grapevine yellows phytoplasmas BNp and FDp</div><div>Abstract</div><div>Introduction &lt;</div><div>How phytoplasmas interact with their hosts, based on analysis of their genomes </div><div>Pre-symptomatic grapevine responses to grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection</div><div>Ultrastructure of phloem infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas </div><div>Infection of grapevine with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas affects photosynthesis </div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection is associated with prominent changes in carbohydrate metabolism</div><div>Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection affects the plant-energy-associated network </div><div>Changed concentrations of amino acids in infected vein-enriched grapevine samples </div><div>Changes in the flavonoid pathway in grapevineyellows phytoplasma infected grapevines </div><div>Induced salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance in grapevines infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas </div><div>The recovery and oxidative-stress phenomena Detection of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellows diseases in research and diagnostics </div><div>Abstract </div><div>Introduction </div><div>Biological tests </div><div>Transmission of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas to Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)</div><div>Heterologous grafting </div><div>A case study: Identification of Orientus ishidae as a possible vector of FDp </div><div>Microscopy techniques </div><div>Immunological approaches </div><div>Molecular approaches </div><div>Extraction of DNA </div><div>Dot-blot hybridisation </div><div>Techniques based on polymerase chain reaction </div><div>Real-time PCR for grapevine yellows phytoplasma &nbsp;detection and quantification </div><div>Loop-mediated isothermal amplification </div><div>Gene sequencing </div><div>Step-by-step routine detection of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas </div><div>Sampling and sample handling </div><div>Validation of diagnostic methods </div><div>Analytical sensitivity </div><div>Analytical specificity </div><div>Repeatability and reproducibility </div><div>Measures to reduce uncertainties of the diagnostic methods </div><div>Index</div><div><br></div>