Mitigating Shipping Emissions in European Ports

<div>1. Introduction: Shipping industry and induced air pollution.-&nbsp;1.1 Potential impacts of maritime transport air emissions.-&nbsp;1.2 Growing rates of shipping trade and environmental profile of maritime industry.-&nbsp;2. Mitigation of air emissions: existing policy actions and legislation.-&nbsp;2.1 Current environmental policies.-&nbsp;2.2 Kyoto Protocol.-&nbsp;2.3 Marpol Convention.-&nbsp;3. Ships' emissions and air quality in port-cities.-&nbsp;3.1 Current methodologies for the estimation of maritime emissions.-&nbsp;3.2 Relevant studies on shipping emissions.-&nbsp;3.2 Examples of estimated emissions in ports.-&nbsp;4. Economic and social cost of in-port ships' emissions.-&nbsp;4.1 Estimating the effects ships activities in ports to air quality and human health.-&nbsp;4.2 External costs of vessel emissions in ports.-&nbsp;5. Available abatement measures for the unwanted environmental impacts of ships at berth.-&nbsp;5.1 Techniques of in-port emissions’ abatement.-&nbsp;5.2 Potential of Shore Side Electricity in Europe.-&nbsp;5.3 How ports can be converted to "green" ports?</div><div><br></div>