<p>Part I From Theory to Empirical Analysis of Advisory Roles.- 1. Introduction, Arco Timmermans and Marleen Brans.- 2. A Theoretical Perspective on the Roles of Political Scientists in Policy Advisory Systems, Marleen Brans, Arco Timmermans, and Athanassios Gouglas.- 3.Strategy of Data Collection and Analysis for Comparing Policy Advisory Roles, Marleen Brans, Arco Timmermans, and José Real-Dato.- Part II Country Studies of Advisory Roles.- 4. Removing Political Barriers to Engagement: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Albania, Nevila Xhindi and Blerjana Bino.- 5. Resisting Devolution? The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Belgium, Marleen Brans, David Aubin, and Ellen Fobé.- 6. Restrained Wisdom or Not? The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Denmark, Morten Kallestrup.- 7. A Small Discipline, Scarce Publicity, and Compromised Outward Reach: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in France, Pierre Squevin and David Aubin.- 8. Driven by Academic Norms and Status of Employment: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Germany, Sonja Blum and Jens Jungblut.- 9. Coping with a Closed and Politicized System: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Hungary, Gábor Tamás Molnár.- 10. Of Pure Academics and Advice Debutants: The Policy Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Italy, Andrea Pritoni and Maria Tullia Galanti.- 11. The New Abundance of Policy Advice: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Norway, Ivar Bleiklie and Svein Michelsen.- 12. In Search of Relevance: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Spain, José Real-Dato.- 13. Polder Politics Under Pressure: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in the Netherlands, Valérie Pattyn and Arco Timmermans.- 14. Changing Policy Advisory Dynamics in the 2000s: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Turkey, Caner Bakir and H. Tolga Bolukbasi.- 15. Making Political Science Matter: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in the United Kingdom, Matthew Flinders, Justyna Bandola-Gill, and Alexandra Anderson.- Part III Patterns Across Countries in Europe.- 16. The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Comparative Perspective, Arco Timmermans, Marleen Brans, and José Real-Dato.<br></p>