Implantable Sensor Systems for Medical Applications

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials</p> <p>Foreword</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Part I: Fundamentals of implantable systems</p> <p>Chapter 1: Materials for implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Interactions between materials and the biological medium</p> <p>1.3 Electrodes</p> <p>1.4 Preferred electrode metals, compounds and polymers</p> <p>1.5 Leads and interconnects</p> <p>1.6 Packaging</p> <p>1.7 Surface preparation</p> <p>1.8 Conclusions</p> <p>1.9 Future trends</p> <p>1.10 Sources of further information</p> <p>1.11 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 2: Material–tissue interfaces in implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Fundamental requirements of material–tissue interfaces</p> <p>2.3 Material selection for implantable systems</p> <p>2.4 Design considerations and packaging concepts</p> <p>2.5 Approaches to reduce reactions at the material–tissue interface</p> <p>2.6 Conclusions</p> <p>2.7 Future trends</p> <p>2.8 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 3: Packaging and coating materials for implantable devices</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.1.1 Background</p> <p>76 Implantable sensor systems for medical applications 3.1.3 Current packaging and coating strategies</p> <p>3.2 Packaging of the passive device surface</p> <p>80 Implantable sensor systems for medical applications 3.2.2 Silicone</p> <p>3.3 Coating of active device surfaces</p> <p>3.4 Coatings and barriers for drug release</p> <p>3.5 Enhancement of surface biocompatibility</p> <p>3.6 Conclusions</p> <p>3.7 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 4: Microassembly and micropackaging of implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Components of an implanted sensor system</p> <p>4.3 Microassembly</p> <p>4.4 Micropackaging</p> <p>4.5 Conclusions</p> <p>4.6 Future trends</p> <p>4.7 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 5: Electrode array design and fabrication for implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 General requirements for implantable electrode arrays</p> <p>5.3 Materials for implantable electrodes</p> <p>5.4 The processing of silicone as a substrate material</p> <p>5.5 Coating layers for microelectrodes</p> <p>5.6 Fabrication of electrodes using platinum</p> <p>5.7 Microelectrode arrays – design and fabrication</p> <p>5.8 Advantages and disadvantages of existing fabrication processes</p> <p>5.9 Risks</p> <p>5.10 Conclusions</p> <p>5.11 Future trends</p> <p>5.12 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 6: Biofuel cells as sustainable power sources for implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Implantable biofuel cells</p> <p>6.3 Design considerations</p> <p>6.4 State-of-the-art and practical examples</p> <p>6.5 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>6.6 Sources of further information</p> <p>Part II: Challenges of implantable systems</p> <p>Chapter 7: Biocompatibility of implantable systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 The nature of the biological milieu</p> <p>7.3 The course of events following insertion of an implantable system</p> <p>7.4 Interfacial interactions</p> <p>7.5 Biological and chemical processes which can affect implantable systems</p> <p>7.6 Modelling protein adsorption</p> <p>7.7 The immune response</p> <p>7.8 Hydrodynamic aspects of biocompatibility</p> <p>7.9 Tribological aspects of biocompatibility</p> <p>7.10 Corrosion</p> <p>7.11 Cell–implant interactions</p> <p>7.12 The metrology and evaluation of biocompatibility</p> <p>7.13 Conclusions</p> <p>7.14 Future trends</p> <p>7.15 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 8: Sterilisation considerations for implantable sensor systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Global markets and the regulatory context</p> <p>8.3 Methods for sterilisation of medical devices</p> <p>8.4 Sterilisation of implantable sensor systems</p> <p>8.5 Conclusions</p> <p>8.6 Future trends</p> <p>8.7 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 9: Protection of data confidentiality and patient privacy in medical sensor networks</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Challenges</p> <p>9.3 Review of existing methods and their limitations</p> <p>9.4 Secure authentication of medical sensing information</p> <p>9.5 Performance evaluation of the Securing User Access to Medical Sensing Information (SecMed) method</p> <p>9.6 Discussion</p> <p>9.7 Conclusions</p> <p>9.8 Future trends</p> <p>9.9 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 10: Developing active implantable medical devices in a regulated environment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 The route to market</p> <p>10.3 The medical device</p> <p>Part III: Applications of implantable systems</p> <p>Chapter 11: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for in vivo applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction to MEMS</p> <p>11.2 Requirements for in vivo MEMS</p> <p>11.3 In vivo physiological MEMS sensors</p> <p>11.4 In vivo MEMS actuators</p> <p>11.5 Biocompatibility</p> <p>11.6 Conclusions</p> <p>11.7 Future trends</p> <p>11.8 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 12: Tripolar interfaces for neural recording</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 The signal</p> <p>12.3 Noise</p> <p>12.4 Common-mode interference effects</p> <p>12.5 Interference by external potential gradients</p> <p>12.6 Models and illustrations</p> <p>12.7 Future trends</p> <p>12.8 Conclusions</p> <p>12.9 Acknowledgements</p> <p>12.11 Appendix: list of symbols</p> <p>Chapter 13: Sensors for motor neuroprostheses</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Unique requirements of motor neuroprostheses</p> <p>13.3 Clinical significance of motor neuroprostheses</p> <p>13.4 Motor neuroprosthesis sensors</p> <p>13.5 Motor neuroprosthesis control algorithms and sensor signal processing</p> <p>13.6 Motor neuroprosthesis implantable sensor applications</p> <p>13.7 Network topology design of sensor systems for use in motor neuroprostheses</p> <p>13.8 Conclusions</p> <p>13.9 Future trends</p> <p>13.10 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 14: Implantable wireless body area networks</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction to Implanted Body Area Networks (IBANs)</p> <p>14.2 Applications of IBANs</p> <p>14.3 Wireless communication into and out of the body</p> <p>14.4 Healthy Aims demonstration of IBANs</p> <p>14.5 Conclusions</p> <p>14.6 Future trends</p> <p>14.7 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 15: Retina implants</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Background</p> <p>15.3 The eye and the retina</p> <p>15.4 Overview and approaches to retina implants</p> <p>15.5 Technical implementation</p> <p>15.6 Clinical trials</p> <p>15.7 Conclusions</p> <p>15.8 Future trends</p> <p>15.9 Sources of further information</p> <p>Index</p>