Biotextiles as Medical Implants

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Part I: Technologies</p> <p>Chapter 1: Manufacture, types and properties of biotextiles for medical applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Fiber structure</p> <p>1.3 Formation of synthetic fibers</p> <p>1.4 Processing of short (staple) and continuous (filament) fibers</p> <p>1.5 Understanding structure in fibers</p> <p>1.6 Fibrous materials used in medicine</p> <p>1.7 Key fiber properties</p> <p>1.8 Textile assemblies and their characteristics</p> <p>1.9 Conclusion</p> <p>1.10 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>1.11 Acknowledgments</p> <p>Chapter 2: Nanofiber structures for medical biotextiles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Techniques for producing nanofibers</p> <p>2.3 The electrospinning process</p> <p>2.4 Using electrospun poly(s-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers as scaffolds for tissue engineering</p> <p>2.5 Co-axial bicomponent nanofibers and their production</p> <p>2.6 Case study: collagen/PCL bicomponent nanofiber scaffolds for engineering bone tissues</p> <p>2.7 In vivo case study: engineering of blood vessels</p> <p>2.8 Miscellaneous applications of co-axial nanofiber structures</p> <p>2.9 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 3: Resorbable polymers for medical applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Polymer degradation</p> <p>3.3 Mechanical properties of existing resorbable polymers</p> <p>3.4 Mechano-active tissue engineering</p> <p>3.5 Elastomeric properties of fiber-forming copolymers</p> <p>3.6 Elastomeric resorbable polymers for vascular tissue engineering</p> <p>3.7 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 4: Shaped biotextiles for medical implants</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Vascular grafts: key developments</p> <p>4.3 Weaving, knitting and ePTFE technologies for producing tubular structures</p> <p>4.4 Improving surface properties: velour construction</p> <p>4.5 Multilimbed grafts</p> <p>4.6 Heat setting for a more resilient crimped circular configuration</p> <p>4.7 Grafts with taper and varying diameter</p> <p>4.8 Tubular structures for other devices: ligaments, hernia and prolapsed repair meshes</p> <p>4.9 Three-dimensional textile structures</p> <p>4.10 Performance requirements of implants in the body</p> <p>4.11 Conclusion</p> <p>4.12 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 5: Surface modification of biotextiles for medical applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Nano-coatings</p> <p>5.3 Preparation of textile surfaces</p> <p>5.4 Plasma technologies for surface treatment</p> <p>5.5 Measuring surface properties of textiles: SEM and XPS</p> <p>5.6 Testing antimicrobial coatings</p> <p>5.7 Applications of surface treatments in medical textiles</p> <p>5.8 Future trends</p> <p>5.9 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 6: Sterilization techniques for biotextiles for medical applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Bioburden and principles of sterilization</p> <p>6.3 Traditional sterilization: advantages and disadvantages</p> <p>6.4 Emerging and less traditional sterilization methods</p> <p>6.5 Radiochemical sterilization (RCS)</p> <p>6.6 Application of RCS technology</p> <p>6.7 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 7: Regulation of biotextiles for medical use</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 US regulation of biotextiles</p> <p>7.3 European Union regulation of biotextiles</p> <p>7.4 Quality standards for biotextiles</p> <p>7.5 The role of quality standards in the development of biotextiles</p> <p>7.6 Safety issues with ‘me-too’ products with new intended uses</p> <p>7.7 Dealing with cutting-edge technology</p> <p>7.8 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 8: Retrieval studies for medical biotextiles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Standards and animal models for implant retrieval studies</p> <p>8.3 Testing retrieved biotextile implants: harvesting, test planning, sample preparation and cleaning</p> <p>8.4 Testing retrieved biotextile implants: analytical techniques</p> <p>8.5 Specialized tests for specific retrieval studies</p> <p>8.6 Precautions for retrieval studies</p> <p>8.7 Limitations of retrieval studies</p> <p>8.8 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Part II: Applications</p> <p>Chapter 9: Drug delivery systems using biotextiles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Types of drugs</p> <p>9.3 Types of polymers</p> <p>9.4 Technologies and fiber structures</p> <p>9.5 Types of drug delivery systems (DDS)</p> <p>9.6 Future trends</p> <p>9.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 10: Types and properties of surgical sutures</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Classification of suture materials</p> <p>10.3 Essential properties of suture materials</p> <p>10.4 Dyes and coatings to improve suture identification and properties</p> <p>10.6 Appendix: further information on sutures</p> <p>Chapter 11: Materials for absorbable and nonabsorbable surgical sutures</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Natural materials for absorbable sutures</p> <p>11.3 Synthetic materials for absorbable sutures</p> <p>11.4 Materials for nonabsorbable sutures</p> <p>11.5 Future trends</p> <p>11.8 Appendix: further information on sutures</p> <p>Chapter 12: Surgical knot performance in sutures</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Tensile properties of knotted sutures</p> <p>12.3 Knot strength</p> <p>12.4 Performance in dynamic tests</p> <p>12.5 Knot security</p> <p>12.6 Friction in sutures and friction-based hypothesis of knot security</p> <p>12.7 The use of lasers to improve knot security</p> <p>12.8 The use of tissue adhesive to improve knot security</p> <p>12.9 Conclusion</p> <p>12.10 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 13: Barbed suture technology</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 The development of barbed sutures</p> <p>13.3 Materials for barbed sutures</p> <p>13.4 Barbed suture design and manufacture</p> <p>13.5 Testing and characterization</p> <p>13.6 Properties of barbed sutures</p> <p>13.7 Surgical techniques using barbed sutures</p> <p>13.8 Applications of barbed sutures</p> <p>13.10 Acknowledgement</p> <p>Chapter 14: Small-diameter arterial grafts using biotextiles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Understanding compliance</p> <p>14.3 Tests for compliance</p> <p>14.4 Testing compliance in practice: a case study</p> <p>14.5 Engineering small-diameter vascular grafts by weaving</p> <p>14.6 Using elastomeric threads to construct small-diameter vascular grafts</p> <p>14.7 Summary</p> <p>14.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 15: Vascular prostheses for open surgery</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Arterial pathologies</p> <p>15.3 The development of modern vascular surgery</p> <p>15.4 Vascular grafts of biological origin</p> <p>15.5 Vascular prostheses from synthetic polymers and biopolymers</p> <p>15.6 Improving current vascular prostheses</p> <p>15.7 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 16: Biotextiles as percutaneous heart valves</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Heart valve replacement: critical issues</p> <p>16.3 Textile valves: manufacturing requirements</p> <p>16.4 Textile valves: in vitro performance</p> <p>16.5 Textile valves: long-term performance</p> <p>16.6 Textile valves: in vivo performance</p> <p>16.7 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 17: Biotextiles as vena cava filters</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Current filters for embolic protection in the IVC</p> <p>17.3 An ´ideal´ IVC filter design</p> <p>Chapter 18: Biotextiles for atrial septal defect repair</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Anatomy and physiology of a normal functioning heart</p> <p>18.3 Epidemiology, pathology, incidence and patient population of ASDs</p> <p>18.4 Historical methods of ASD repair</p> <p>18.5 Current noninvasive treatments, therapies and devices used to repair ASDs</p> <p>18.6 Advantages and disadvantages of the current technology</p> <p>18.7 Future trends</p> <p>18.8 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 19: Hemostatic wound dressings</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 The importance of hemostatic textiles</p> <p>19.3 Understanding the clotting of blood</p> <p>19.4 Influence of foreign surfaces on blood clotting</p> <p>19.5 Existing hemostatic materials</p> <p>19.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 20: Anterior cruciate ligament prostheses using biotextiles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Anatomy and structure of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)</p> <p>20.3 Biomechanics of the ACL</p> <p>20.4 Clinical problems associated with the ACL</p> <p>20.5 Diagnosis and treatment of ACL ruptures</p> <p>20.6 Autograft for ACL reconstruction</p> <p>20.7 Allograft for ACL reconstruction</p> <p>20.8 Graft healing in ACL reconstructive surgery</p> <p>20.9 The use of synthetic materials and prostheses in ACL reconstructive surgery</p> <p>20.10 Complications with synthetic ligaments</p> <p>20.11 Augmentation devices</p> <p>20.12 Tissue engineering and scaffolds</p> <p>20.13 Xenografts</p> <p>20.14 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 21: Endovascular prostheses for aortic aneurysms: a new era for vascular surgery</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>21.1 Introduction</p> <p>21.2 History and advantages of stent grafts</p> <p>21.3 Stent graft design and performance</p> <p>21.4 Prefenestrated devices for juxtarenal aneurysms</p> <p>21.5 Novel approaches to the treatment of juxtarenal and suprarenal aneurysms</p> <p>21.6 Conclusion</p> <p>Index</p>