Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

<p>I. Introduction</p><p>II. History of PPAR Discovery</p><p>A. Peroxisomes</p><p>B. Peroxisomal biogenesis and diseases</p><p>C. Peroxisome proliferation</p><p> </p><p>III. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors</p><p>A. Chromosomal location and gene polymorphism</p><p>i.  PPARa</p><p>ii. PPARb/d</p><p>iii. PPARg</p><p> </p><p>B. Protein structure</p><p>i.   N-terminal end (A/B domain)</p><p>ii.  DNA binding domain (DBD, C domain)</p><p>iii. Hinge region (D domain)</p><p>iv. Carboxyl terminal end (E/F domain)</p><p> </p><p>IV. PPAR Ligands</p><p>A. Endogenous ligands</p><p>B. Exogenous PPAR modulators</p><p> </p><p>V. Tissue Distribution and Versatile Functions of PPARs</p>A. Neurological functions of PPARs</p><p>B. PPARs and the cardiovascular system</p><p>C. PPARs in pulmonary physiology and disease</p><p>D. Gastrointestinal roles of PPARs</p><p>E. PPAR functions in the liver</p><p>F. Roles of PPARs in the pancreas</p><p>G. PPARs in the urinary tract physiology and pathophysiology</p><p>H. PPARs in the reproductive system</p><p>I.   Bone metabolism and PPARs</p><p>J.  Roles of PPARs in skeletal muscle biology</p><p>K. Skin PPARs</p><p> </p><p>VI. PPARs and Drug Metabolism</p><p> </p><p>VII. Molecular Aspects of PPAR Actions</p><p>A. Posttranslational control of PPARs</p><p>B. Mechanism of action</p><p> </p><p>VIII. Animal Models in PPAR Research</p><p> </p><p>IX. Safety of PPAR Agonists</p><p> </p><p>X. The Future of PPAR Research</p><p> </p><p>XI.  References</p>