I. Emergency Care: An Overview.- I. The Concept of Emergency Care.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Emergency Psychiatry: A Systematic Approach.- 3. Emergency Psychiatry: The Process.- 4. Special Clinical Applications.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- II. The Process of Emergency Care.- 2. The First Few Minutes: Identifying and Managing Life-Threatening Emergencies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Initial Assessment and Psychological Management.- 3. Determination of the Problem.- 4. Physical Management.- 5. Pharmacologic Management.- 6. Medical Management.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- 3. Legal Issues in a Psychiatric Emergency Setting.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Autonomy, Privacy, and Informed Consent.- 3. Informed Consent.- 4. Substitute Consent.- 5. Written versus Oral Consent.- 6. Emergencies.- 7. Confidentiality.- 8. Special Mental Health Laws.- 9. Dangerousness.- 10. The Management of Dangerousness.- 11. Least Restrictive Alternative.- 12. Right to Treatment.- 13. Right to Refuse Treatment.- 14. Legal Liability.- 15. Standards of Care.- 16. Suicide.- 17. The Hardest Part.- Notes.- 4. General Principles of Pharmacologic Management in the Emergency Setting.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Evaluating the Patient and Choosing Medication.- 3. Applying General Principles of Drug Use to the Emergency Setting.- 4. Forming a Relationship with the Patient.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 5. The Therapeutic Stance.- III. Patients and Clinical Syndromes 1: Potentially Life-Threatening.- 6. Emergency Management of Potentially Violent Patients.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Assessment Issues.- 3. Assessing and Managing the Potentially Violent Patient.- 4. Treatment Options.- 5. Disposition.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 7. Emergency Care of Suicidal Patients.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Checklist for Assessment.- 3. Management.- 4. Treatment Planning.- 5. Conclusion.- Appendix: The Rating Scales.- References.- IV. Patients and Clinical Syndromes 2: Medication-Related/Toxic Origins.- 8. Alcohol Use and Abuse.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Pharmacology.- 4. Acute Intoxication.- 5. Sequelae of Chronic Intoxication.- 6. Alcohol Withdrawal.- 7. General Approach to Treatment Planning.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. Drug Use and Abuse.- 1. Abuse of Opiate Drugs.- 2. Abuse of Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants.- 3. Abuse of CNS Stimulants/Amphetamines.- 4. Abuse of CNS Stimulants/Cocaine.- 5. Abuse of Hallucinogens.- 6. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse.- 7. Marijuana Use and Abuse.- 8. Inhalant Abuse.- 9. Summary.- 10. Emergency Presentations Related to Psychiatric Medication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lithium Toxicity.- 3. Extrapyramidal Effects.- 4. Anticholinergic Syndromes.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- V. Patients and Clinical Syndromes 3: Behavioral, Cognitive, and Affective Disturbances.- 11. Acute Psychoses.- 1. Overview.- 2. Triage.- 3. Assessment.- 4. Differential Diagnosis.- 5. Management.- 6. Patient-Evaluator Interaction.- 7. Treatment Planning.- References.- 12. Presentation of Depression in an Emergency Setting.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Assessment.- 3. Management and Disposition.- 4. Clinical Applications.- 5. Summary.- Selected Reading.- 13. Emergency Care of Anxious Patients.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Assessment.- 3. Treatment.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- VI. Patients and Clinical Syndromes 4: Victims of Situational Crises.- 14. Psychological Management of Disaster Victims.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Psychological Reactions to Disasters.- 3. Assessment.- 4. Management.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 15. Emergency Care of Rape Victims.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Popular Myths versus the Facts.- 4. The Rape Crisis.- 5. Management.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 16. Emergency Care of Battered Women.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Background.- 4. The Victims, Their Families, and the Abusers.- 5. The Emergency Presentation.- 6. Assessment and Management of Identified Victims.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- 17. Child Abuse and Neglect.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dynamics of Child Abuse and Neglect.- 3. Legal Issues.- 4. Evaluation and Intervention.- 5. Follow-Up.- 6. Summary.- VII. Patients and Clinical Syndromes 5: Special Populations.- 18. Psychiatric Emergencies in Children and Adolescents.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Description of Childhood Psychiatric Emergencies.- 3. General Considerations.- 4. The Emergency Intervention.- 5. Classification of Psychiatric Emergencies in Childhood and Adolescence.- 6. The Specific Syndromes.- 7. Suicidal Behaviors in Children and Adolescents.- 8. Homicidal Behaviors in Children and Adolescents.- 9. Firesetting.- 10. Runaway Children and Adolescents.- 11. School Refusal.- 12. Other Problems.- 13. Conclusion.- References.- 19. Elderly Psychiatric Emergency Patients.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Overview.- 3. Working with the Geriatric Patient.- 4. Assessment, Management, and Treatment.- 5. Clinical Presentations.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- VIII. Special Settings, Circumstances, and Approaches.- 20. Managing Emergencies in the Practice of Psychotherapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Types of Genuine Emergencies.- 3. Pseudoemergencies.- 4. Management.- 5. Conclusion.- Postscript.- 21. General Hospital Psychiatric Emergency Services.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Organization of Services.- 3. Staffing Patterns.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 22. Psychiatric Emergency Care in Resource-Poor Areas.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Intervention.- 3. Conclusion.- 23. Psychiatric Home Visiting Services.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Function, Composition, and Structure.- 3. Intervention Techniques.- 4. Conclusion.- 24. The Telephone in Psychiatric Emergencies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Hotlines.- 3. Crisis Centers and Other Emergency Facilities.- 4. Personnel.- 5. The Emergency Call.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 25. Role of Family and Networks in Emergency Psychotherapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Who Are the Significant Others?.- 3. Assessment.- 4. Management.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 26. Crisis Groups.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Why a Group?.- 3. Review of the Literature.- 4. Patient Evaluation and Selection.- 5. The Open Group in General.- 6. Technical Aspects.- 7. Treatment Outcome.- 8. Summary.- References.
