Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV

General Introduction.- Bioengineering: The Fifth Traditional Engineering Discipline?.- The Oxygen Molecule and its Course from Air to Cell.- Special Introduction.- Basic Mechanisms of Diffusive and Diffusion-Related Oxygen Transport in Biological Systems. A Review.- Oxygen Supply Dependency in the Critically Ill — A Continuing Conundrum.- Oxygen Uptake in the Lungs under Pathological Conditions and its Therapeutic Effects.- Artificial Oxygen Carrying Blood Substitutes.- Ambiant Pressure Changes and Oxygenation.- Adaptation of O2 Transport and Utilization at Altitude in Man.- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Past, Present and Future Indications.- Rat Brain Adaptation to Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia.- Whole Lung Lavage under Hyperbaric Conditions: 1. The Monitoring of Circulation During Treatment of PAP.- Whole Lung Lavage under Hyperbaric Conditions: 2. Monitoring Tissue Oxygenation.- Skeletal Muscle PO2 in Anaerobic Soft Tissue Infections during Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.- Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment and Perfluorochemical Administration on Glutathione Status of the Lung.- Tumor Physiology and Oxygenation.- Blood Flow and Tissue Oxygenation of Human Tumors: An Update.- Computerized Histographic Oxygen Tension Measurements of Murine Tumors.- Oxygenation and Bioenergetic Status of Murine Fibrosarcomas.- Measurement of Human Tumor Blood Row: A Positron Technique Using an Artifact of High Energy Radiation Therapy.- Improving the Effectiveness of the Bioreductive Antitumor Agent SR 4233 by Induced Hypoxia.- A Computer Simulation of Oxygen Partial Pressure and Temperature Profiles during Hyperthermia.- Advancement in Technology and Instrumentation.- Oxygen Dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence: A Perspective.- Reflection Spectrometry.- Can the Flow Dependency of the Polarographic PO2 Electrode be Used to Measure Arterial PO2 and Local Capillary Flow Transcutaneously?.- The Use of EPR for the Measurement of the Concentration of Oxygen in Vivo in Tissues under Physiologically Pertinent Conditions and Concentrations.- In Vivo EPR Oximetry Using Two Novel Probes: Fusinite and Lithium Phthalocyanine.- Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow in Adult Humans Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy — Methodology and Possible Errors.- Design and Evalution of a Reflectance Oxygen Sensor in Critically Ill Patients.- Biologically Active Cyanine Dyes as Probes for the Identification of Active Oxygen Species.- Analysis of Multiple Multipole Scattering by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Angular Dependent Spectrometry.- In Vivo NADH and Pd-Porphyrin Video Fluori-/Phosphorimetry.- In Vivo NADH Fluorescence.- Quantitation of Tissue Optical Characteristics and Hemoglobin Desaturation by Time and Frequency Resolved Multi-Wavelength Spectrophotometry.- Evaluation of the Algorithm Used in Near Infrared Spectrophotometry.- The Lung, Entrance Port of Oxygen.- Informative Imaging of Oxygen Supply Parameters in Clinical Practice.- Diffusion Limitation of Oxygen in Heterogeneous Lung and Tissue Models.- Gas Exchange in the Lung, Computer Feed Back Controlled Physiological Matching of Artificial Ventilation.- Non-Invasive, On-Line Measurement of Oxygen Consumption during Anesthesia.- Oxygen Transport Through a Model Lung Surfactant Surface Layer Influence of the Film Compression on the Kinetics.- Different Surfactant Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Failure Induced by Hydrochloric Acid Aspiration in Rats.- Gas Exchange Uniformity Within Individual Lung Lobes.- Effect of Artificial Ventilation on Pulmonary Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Rat Model.- Comparison of Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) and Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) during Weaning in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure.- Alterations of the Respiratory Minute Volume Cause Changes in the Muscle Oxygenation of Rats.- Optical Measurements of Oxygen and Electrical Measurements of Oxygen Chemoreception in the Cat Carotid Body.- Dose Dependent Improvement of Gas Exchange by Intratracheal Perflubron (Perfluorooctylbromide) Instillation in Adult Animals with Acute Respiratory Failure.- Gas Exchange and Lung Mechanics during Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation with Intratracheal Perfluorocarbon Administration in Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- Perflubron (Perfluorooctylbromide) Instillation Combined with Mechanical Ventilation: An Alternative Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure in Adult Animals.- Clinical Use of Oxygen Stores: Pre-oxygenation and Apneic Oxygenation.- A New Device for the Oxygenation of Patients: The NasOral-System.- Oxygen Transport in Blood.- Hemodilution and Oxygen Transport.- Second Generation Fluorocarbons.- Properties of Chemically Cross-Linked Hemoglobin Solutions Designed as Temporary Oxygen Carriers.- Elaboration of Fluorocarbon Emulsions with Improved Oxygen-Carrying Capabilities.- The Respiratory Potential of Oxygen: A New Quantity to Characterize State, Effects and Bio-Availability of the Gas in Organism.- Facilitation of Oxygen Transfer by Perflubron in Hemodiluted Dogs.- Monitoring of Intracapillary HbO2 in Foetal Scalp during Delivery.- O2 Transport during Exercise After Cardiac Transplantation.- Effect of Low Dose Oxygen™ Added to Blood on Muscle VO2MAX.- Fetal Oxygenation in Chronic Maternal Hypoxia: What’s Critical?.- The Relation of Oxygen Delivery to Utilization During Liver Transplantation: Is There a Critical Value?.- Comparative Study of the Accuracy of Two Fiberoptic Mixed Venous Saturation Catheters (SpectracathR vs OpticathR) during Acute Changes in Hematocrit and Cardiac Output in Humans.- Erythropoietin Induction by Hypoxia. A Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments.- Altered Concentrations of Aldosterone in Neonatal Calves During Chronic Hypoxia and the Subsequent Recovery Period.- Oxygenation of the Heart, The Moving Motor.- Myocardial Oxygen Supply under Critical Conditions, the Effects of Hemodilution and Fluorocarbons.- Regional Cardiac Hemodynamics and Oxygenation during Isovolemic Hemodilution in Anesthetized Pigs.- Gradients of Capillarization in the Subendocardium of Rat Heart Septum.- Oxygen Pressure Histograms Calculated in a Block of Rat Heart Tissue.- The Effect of Realistic Geometry of Capillary Networks on Tissue PO2 in Hypertrophied Rat Heart.- Contractile Dysfunction of “Reperfused” Neonatal Rat Heart Cells: A Model for Studying “Myocardial Stunning” at the Cellular Level?.- Monitoring of Redox-State of Respiratory Enzymes and Myoglobin Oxygenation in the Working Rat Heart in Normoxia and Oxygen Deficiency.- Spatial Distribution of Oxygen Supply Units in Heart and Skeletal Muscle and their Regulatory Significance.- Effects of CPPV, PC-IRV, and LFPPV-ECCO2R on Right Ventricular Functions in Pigs with ARDS.- Oxygen Supply of the Tissue.- Factors that Determine the Oxygen Supply of the Cell and their Possible Disruption.- Oxygen Supply by Perfusion and Diffusion in Heterogeneous Tissue Models.- In Situ Determination of Convection and Diffusion Profiles in Heterogeneous Media.- Tissue Alterations By the Penetration of a PO2 Sensing Needle Probe.- A New Program to Evaluate Data of PO2 Histograph on Personal Computers under MS-DOS.- A Placental Perfusion pO2 Logger.- A Method for Simultaneous Recording of Tissue PO2 and EP in the Brain Cortex of a Test Animal with a Single Electrode.- Computer Simulation of Erythrocyte Transit in the Cerebrocortical Capillary Network.- Instrumentation and Technology for Multiparametric Mapping of Intraparenchymal Circulation in the Brain Cortex.- The Brain.- Classification of Oxygen Transport to Tissue with Neural Networks.- Oxygenation of the Cortex of the Brain of Cats during Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery and Reperfusion.- Active and Basal Whole Brain Blood Flow, Oxygen and Glucose Metabolism in Monkeys.- The Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Cortical Microelectrode Insertion is Neutrophil Dependent.- Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Mitochondrial Redox State Responses to Various Perturbations in Gerbils.- Local Tissue PO2 during and after Focal Brain Cortical Infarction in Rabbits.- Brain Surface PO2 and rCBF in Rabbits with a Focal Cerebral Lesion and Pulmonary Hypoxia under Fentanyl-, Isoflurane or Thiopental-Anesthesia.- Treatment of Hemorrhagic Hypotension with Hypertonic Saline/Dextran: Effects on Brain Surface Oxygen Tension in Experimentally Traumatized Brain.- Monitoring of Cortical Intracapillary Hemoglobin Oxygenation in Patients during Brain Surgery — First Results.- Muscle.- Inert Gas Washout Measurement of Muscle Blood Flow Distribution — Roles of Hypoxia and Diffusion Limitation.- Effects of Endotoxin on Canine Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Delivery-Uptake Relations During Progressive Hypoxic Hypoxia.- Skeletal Muscle Capillary Flow and Oxygenation in Hypoxic Hypoxia: Effect of a 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonist.- Distribution Pattern of Capillary and Venular Red Blood Cell Velocity Following Ischemia-Reperfusion in Striated Muscle.- Oxygen Consumption of Human Skeletal Muscle by Near Infrared Spectroscopy during Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia in Maximal Voluntary Contraction.- Tissue Oxygenation Measurement: A Directly Applied Clark-Type Electrode in Muscle Tissue.- Other Tissues.- Oxygen Tension and Blood Flow in the Retina of Normal and Diabetic Rats.- Arteriolar Spasm and Ischemia in the Ocular Fundus of NaCl-Loaded Salt Sensitive Dahl Rats. Vascular Protection by Long-term Treatment with the Calcium Antagonist Nitrendipine.- Influence of Cryopreservation on Viability and Nutritional Microcirculation of Islets of Langerhans.- O2 Supply: Clinical Problems.- Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity.- The Relationships between Oxygen Delivery and Consumption and Continuous Mixed Venous Oximetry are Predictive Parameters in Septic Shock.- Oxygen Delivery and Postoperative Mortality.- Is Oxygen Consumption Measurement during Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation Valuable for a Rapid Assessment of Adequate Function of the Graft?.- Assessment of Cerebral Oxygenation and Hemodynamics by Near Infrared Spectrophotometry during Induction of ECMO: Preliminary Results.- Oxygen Uptake and Static Lung Compliance during Automatic Ventilation.- Oxygen Uptake/Supply Dependency in Human Sepsis: Does it Increase the Risk of Multisystem Organ Failure?.- Intra-Anesthetic On-Line Monitoring of Oxygen Consumption Using a Closed Circuit System.- PO2 Profiles in Human Muscle Tissue as Indicator of Therapeutical Effect in Septic Shock Patients.- Preoperative Gastrocnemius Muscle PO2 as Predictor of Healing after Below Knee Amputation.- Changes of Tissue PO2 in the Lower Leg Muscles after Vascular Surgery.- Comparison of Different Modes of Artificial Ventilation with Extracorporeal CO2 Elimination on Gas Exchange in an Animal Model of Acute Respiratory Failure.- Evaluation of Oxygenation with Different Modes of Ventilation in Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- Group Photograph.- Author Index.