ISE Experiencing the World's Religions

<p><strong>Table of Contents:</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 1 Understanding Religion</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>What Is Religion?　　</p><p>Key Characteristics of Religion</p><p>The Sacred</p><p>Religious Symbolism</p><p>Speculations on the Sources of Religions</p><p>Patterns among Religions　　</p><p>First Pattern: Views of the World and Life</p><p>Second Pattern: Focus of Beliefs and Practices</p><p>Third Pattern: Views of Male and Female</p><p><strong>Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Religion</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Study of Religion</p><p>Recent Theories</p><p><strong>Key Critical Issues</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Why Study the Major Religions of the World?</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Journey</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: Discovering Mystery</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 2</strong> <strong>Indigenous Religions</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Discovering Indigenous Religions</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Past Obstacles to the Appreciation of Indigenous Religions</p><p>The Modern Recovery of Indigenous Religions</p><p><strong>Studying Indigenous Religions: Learning from Patterns</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Human Relationships with the Natural World</p><p>Sacred Time and Sacred Space</p><p>Respect for Origins, Gods, and Ancestors</p><p><strong>Sacred Practices in Indigenous Religions</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Life-Cycle Ceremonies</p><p>Taboo and Sacrifice</p><p>Shamanism, Trance, and Spiritual Powers</p><p>Artifacts and Artistic Expression in Indigenous Religions</p><p><strong>Pe</strong><strong>rsonal Experience: Gods in Hawai`i</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Indigenous Religions Today</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: The Importance of Dreams</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 3 </strong><strong>Hinduism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Origins of Hinduism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Earliest Stage of Indian Religion</p><p>The Religion of the Vedic Period</p><p>The Vedas</p><p><strong>The Upanishads and the Axis Age</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Origin of the Upanishads</p><p>Important Concepts of the Upanishads</p><p><strong>Living Spiritually in the Everyday World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Bhagavad Gita</p><p>The Caste System</p><p>The Stages of Life</p><p>The Goals of Life</p><p>The Yogas</p><p><strong>Devotional Hinduism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Trimurti: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva</p><p>Worship of the Divine Feminine: Devi</p><p>The Guru as Object of Devotion</p><p>Devotion to Animals</p><p>Other Forms of Religious Devotion</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: A Visit to Self-Realization Fellowship Lakeside Shrine</strong></p><p><strong>Hinduism and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Hinduism: Modern Challenges</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Mohandas Gandhi</p><p>Contemporary Issues</p><p>Hindu Influence beyond India</p><p><strong>Reading: Ramakrishna and the Experience of God</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 4 </strong><strong>Buddhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong>123</p><p><strong>The Beginnings of Buddhism: The Life of the Buddha</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Basic Teachings of Buddhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Three Marks of Reality</p><p>The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path</p><p><strong>The Infl uence of Indian Thought on Early Buddhist Teachings</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Ahimsa: &ldquo;Do No Harm&rdquo;</p><p>The Soul and Karma</p><p>Nirvana</p><p><strong>The Early Development of Buddhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Theravada Buddhism: The Way of the Elders</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Theravada Teachings and Literature</p><p>Theravada Art and Architecture</p><p><strong>Mahayana Buddhism: The &ldquo;Big Vehicle&rdquo;</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>New Ideals: Compassion and the Bodhisattva</p><p>Mahayana Thought and Worldview</p><p>Mahayana Literature</p><p>The Spread of Mahayana in East Asia</p><p>Some Major Schools of Mahayana</p><p><strong>Vajrayana Buddhism: The &ldquo;Diamond Vehicle&rdquo;</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Origins, Practice, and Literature of Tibetan Buddhism</p><p>Ritual and the Arts</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: New Year&rsquo;s Day at Wat Saket</strong></p><p><strong>Buddhism and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: Approaching the End</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 5 </strong><strong>Jainism and Sikhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Shared Origins</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Jainism　　</p><p><strong>Background</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Mahavira and the Origins of Jainism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Worldview</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Jain Ethics</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Development of Jainism and Its Branches</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Digambaras</p><p>Shvetambaras</p><p>Sthanakavasis</p><p>Terapanthis</p><p><strong>Jain Practices</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Jain Scriptures</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Jain Art and Architecture</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Sikhism　　</p><p><strong>Background</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Nanak and the Origins of Sikhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Worldview and Teachings of Nanak</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Development of Sikhism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Sikh Scriptures</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Sikhism and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Personal Experience: A Visit to the Golden Temple</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: The Eternal Law</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 6 </strong><strong>Daoism and Confucianism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Basic Elements of Traditional Chinese Beliefs</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Daoism　　&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p><strong>The Origins of Daoism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Laozi (Lao Tzu)</p><p>The Daodejing</p><p>Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)</p><p><strong>Basic Early Teachings</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Daoism and the Quest for Longevity</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Development of Daoism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Daoism and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Daoism and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Confucianism　　</p><p><strong>The Dao in Confucianism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Life of Confucius</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Living According to Confucian Values</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Five Great Relationships</p><p>The Confucian Virtues</p><p><strong>Confucian Literature</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Development of Confucianism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Schools of Philosophy</p><p>The Development of Confucianism as a Religious System</p><p><strong>Confucianism and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Personal Experience: Qing Ming, a Ceremony in Spring</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Confucianism and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: On Cloud-Like Wandering</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 7 </strong><strong>Shinto</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Origins of Shinto</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Historical Development of Shinto</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Accommodation with Buddhism and Confucianism</p><p>Shinto and Japanese National Identity</p><p><strong>Essentials of Shinto Belief</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Shinto Religious Practice</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Worship at Shrines</p><p>Celebration of the New Year</p><p>Observances of the Seasons and Nature</p><p>Other Practices</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: An Unexpected Shrine</strong></p><p><strong>Shinto and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Architecture</p><p>Music and Dance</p><p><strong>Shinto Off shoots: The New Religions</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Shinto and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: Loving the Whole Earth</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 8 </strong><strong>Judaism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>An Overview of Jewish History</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Hebrew Bible</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Biblical History</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>In the Beginning: Stories of Origins</p><p>The World of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs</p><p>Moses and the Law</p><p>The Judges and Kings</p><p>Exile and Captivity</p><p>Return to Jerusalem and the Second Temple</p><p><strong>Cultural Conflict during the Second Temple Era</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Seleucid Period</p><p>Responses to Outside Influences</p><p><strong>The Development of Rabbinical Judaism</strong><strong
>　　</strong></p><p>The Canon of Scripture and the Talmud</p><p>Islam and Medieval Judaism</p><p>The Kabbalah</p><p>Christianity and Medieval Judaism</p><p><strong>Questioning and Reform</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Judaism and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Hitler and the Holocaust</p><p>Creation of the State of Israel</p><p><strong>Personal Experience:</strong> <strong>A Visit to Masada</strong></p><p><strong>Jewish Belief</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Religious Practice</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Jewish Sabbath</p><p>Holy Days</p><p>Jewish Dietary Practices</p><p>Other Religious Practices 318</p><p><strong>Divisions within Contemporary Judaism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Culturally Based Divisions</p><p>Observance-Based Divisions</p><p><strong>Jewish Identity and the Future of Judaism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading:</strong> What it Means to be Fully Alive</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Chapter 9 </strong><strong>Christianity</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Life and Teachings of Jesus</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Jesus in the New Testament Gospels</p><p>The Two Great Commandments</p><p><strong>Early Christian Beliefs and History</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Paul and Pauline Christianity</p><p>The New Testament: Its Structure and Artistry</p><p>The Christian Canon</p><p><strong>The Early Spread of Christianity</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Infl uences on Christianity at the End of the Roman Empire</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Augustine</p><p>Benedict and the Monastic Ideal</p><p><strong>The Eastern Orthodox Church</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Early Development</p><p>Monasticism in the Eastern Church</p><p>Eastern Orthodox Beliefs</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: </strong>Mar Saba Monastery</p><p><strong>Christianity in the Middle Ages</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Christian Mysticism</p><p>The Crusades, the Inquisition, and Christian Control</p><p>The Late Middle Ages</p><p><strong>The Protestant Reformation</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Martin Luther</p><p>Forms of Protestantism</p><p><strong>The Development of Christianity Following the</strong></p><p><strong>Protestant Reformation</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation)</p><p>The International Spread of Christianity</p><p>Nontraditional Christianity</p><p><strong>Christian Practice</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Sacraments and Other Rituals</p><p>The Christian Year</p><p>Devotion to Mary</p><p><strong>Christianity and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Architecture</p><p>Art</p><p>Music</p><p><strong>Christianity Faces the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Challenges of Science and Secularism</p><p>Contemporary Influences and Developments</p><p><strong>Reading: </strong>How Saint Frances Made Brother Masseo Twirl Around</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Chapter 10 </strong>Islam　　</p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>The Life and Teachings of Muhammad</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Essentials of Islam</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The Five Pillars of Islam</p><p>Additional Islamic Religious Practices</p><p>Scripture: The Qur&rsquo;an</p><p><strong>The Historical Development of Islam</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Expansion and Consolidation</p><p>The Shiite and Sunni Division within Islam</p><p><strong>Sufism: Islamic Mysticism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Sufi Beliefs</p><p>Al-Ghazali and Sufi Brotherhoods</p><p>Sufi Practice and Poetry</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: A Visit to a Mosque&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></p><p><strong>Islamic Law and Philosophy</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Islamic Law and Legal Institutions</p><p>Islamic Philosophy and Theology</p><p><strong>Islam and the Arts</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Architecture</p><p>Fine Art</p><p><strong>Islam and the Modern World</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Islam and Contemporary Life</p><p>Islam and the Roles of Women</p><p>The Challenge of Secularism</p><p>A Range of Solutions</p><p>Islam in the West and Beyond</p><p><strong>Reading: </strong>The Merciful</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Chapter 11 </strong><strong>Alternative Paths</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Origins of New Religions</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Contemporary Paganism: Wicca and Druidism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Religions of the Yoruba Tradition: Santer&iacute;a, Voodoo, and Candombl&eacute;</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Theosophy</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Scientology</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Falun Gong</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Cao Dai</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Rastafarianism</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Baha&rsquo;i</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>New Religious Movements: A Special Role</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Personal Experience: Celebrating the Goddess</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Reading: </strong>The Goal of Scientology</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Chapter 12 </strong><strong>The Modern Search</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>FIRST ENCOUNTER</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Modern Infl uences on the Future of Religion</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>The New World Order</p><p>Multiculturalism and Interfaith Dialogue</p><p>Women&rsquo;s Rights Movements</p><p>Reassessment of Human Sexuality</p><p>Science and Technology</p><p>Science and Ethical Issues</p><p>Secularism</p><p>Environmental Challenges</p><p><strong>The Recurring Challenges of Change</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Environmentalism: A Religious Phenomenon?</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Eclectic Spirituality</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p>Interrelatedness</p><p>Reverence and Respect</p><p>Contemplative Practices</p><p><strong>Personal Experience: Supper Together&nbsp; </strong></p><p><strong>Reading: </strong>Learning From A Tree</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Answer Key</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Notes</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Credits</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong>Index</strong><strong>　　</strong></p><p><strong><u>&nbsp;</u></strong></p>