Acknowledgment Introduction; Simeon O. Ilesanmi, Win-Chiat Lee and J. Wilson Parker PART I: FUNDAMENTAL CONCERNS 1. The Return of Political Theology; Mark Lilla 2. Monotheistic Faith and the Cosmopolitan Conscience; William Schweiker PART II: LIMITS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF FREE EXERCISE AND ESTABLISHMENT DOCTRINE 3. Religion, Neutrality, and Liberty: Epistemology and Judicial Interpretation; Frank Ravitch 4. A Unique Religious Exemption from Anti-discrimination Laws in the Case of Gays? Putting the Call for Exemptions For Those Who Discriminate Against Married or Marrying Gays In Context; Michael Kent Curtis 5. Accommodation as Establishment: State Sponsorship of Religious Pilgrimages in Nigeria; Simeon O. Ilesanmi PART III: THE CHALLENGE OF ISLAM 6. Theocrats Living Under Secular Law: An Engagement with Islamic Legal Theory; Andrew March 7. The Just War Argument in Islam (Who's Up? Who's Down?); John Kelsay 8. Veiled Women in the American Courtroom: Is the Niqab a Barrier to Justice?; Anita L. Allen 9. Terror(izing) the 'Veil': American Muslim Women Caught in the Crosshairs of Intersectionality; Sahar F. Aziz Concluding Thoughts 10. Rules of Law and God: Liberal Democratic Reflections on Freedom, Equality, and Religion; Richard B. Miller Postscript: The 'Arab Spring' of 2011 and Case of Lautsi and Others v. Italy; J. Wilson Parker