A Sahota
John Wiley & Sons
e druk, 2014
9781119945543
Sustainability – How the Cosmetics Industry is Greening Up
How the Cosmetics Industry is Greening Up
Specificaties
Gebonden, 362 blz.
|
Engels
John Wiley & Sons |
e druk, 2014
ISBN13: 9781119945543
Rubricering
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen
Samenvatting
Sustainability has come to the fore in the cosmetics and personal care industry. Rising ethical consumerism and the need for resource efficiency are making cosmetic companies small, independent firms to global giants take steps towards sustainable development.
Sustainability: How the Cosmetics Industry is Greening Up discusses the growing importance of sustainability in the cosmetics industry, highlighting the various ways organisations can address the economic, environmental and social aspects. How can the cosmetics industry make a difference in terms of ingredients, formulations, packaging, CSR, operations, and green marketing?
Topics covered include:
Environmental and social impacts of cosmetic products
Ethical sourcing and biodiversity
Renewable energy and waste management
Green formulations and ingredients
Green marketing issues and consumer behaviour
Green standards, certification schemes and indices in the cosmetics industry
Industry experts share their experiences on how they are tackling the challenges of sustainability: from raw material procurements, manufacturing, business processes, to distribution and marketing to consumers. The book concludes with some future growth projections; what are some of the shortcomings in sustainability in the cosmetics industry and what can we expect to see in the future?
Sustainability: How the Cosmetics Industry is Greening Up discusses business and technical issues in all areas of sustainable product development, from sourcing ingredients, to formulation, manufacture and packaging.
Covering a diverse range of subjects, this book appeals to professionals in many key sectors of the cosmetics and personal care industry; cosmetic chemists, formulation scientists, R&D directors, policy makers, business and marketing executives. It is also of relevance to academic researchers working in cosmetic chemistry and sustainable process development.
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
About the Contributors xv
<p>Foreword xxiii</p>
<p>Preface xxvii</p>
<p>1 Introduction to Sustainability 1<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>1.1 Introduction to Book 1</p>
<p>1.2 Introduction to Sustainability 2</p>
<p>1.3 Ethics in the Cosmetics Industry 3</p>
<p>1.4 Drivers of Sustainability 6</p>
<p>1.4.1 Rise in Ethical Consumerism 7</p>
<p>1.4.2 Pressure from the Media and NGOs 7</p>
<p>1.4.3 Environmental Changes and Finite Resources 8</p>
<p>1.4.4 Pressure from the Supply Chain 9</p>
<p>1.4.5 Laws and Regulation 9</p>
<p>1.4.6 Business Benefits 10</p>
<p>1.5 Sustainability Reporting 10</p>
<p>1.5.1 CSR and Sustainability Reports 10</p>
<p>1.5.2 Communicating to Consumers 11</p>
<p>1.6 Guide to Book Chapters 12</p>
<p>References 15</p>
<p>2 Environmental Impacts of Cosmetic Products 17</p>
<p>Part 1: The Growing Importance of Metrics 17<br /> Xavier Vital</p>
<p>2.1.1 Corporate Carbon Footprinting 18</p>
<p>2.1.2 Ecodesign 25</p>
<p>2.1.3 Get Ready for the Future 27</p>
<p>2.1.4 Conclusions 30</p>
<p>Acknowledgement 31</p>
<p>References 31</p>
<p>Part 2: Innovating to Reduce the Environmental Footprint, the L Oreal Example 31<br /> Jean–Florent Campion, Rachel Barre, and Laurent Gilbert</p>
<p>2.2.1 Introduction 31</p>
<p>2.2.2 Product Eco–Design 32</p>
<p>2.2.3 Responsible Sourcing and Biodiversity Preservation 35</p>
<p>2.2.4 Responsible Production 38</p>
<p>2.2.5 Reference Actions Some Examples of Key Achievements 40</p>
<p>2.2.6 Conclusion 46</p>
<p>Acknowledgements 46</p>
<p>References 46</p>
<p>3 The Social Footprint of a Beauty Company 47<br /> Bas Schneiders</p>
<p>3.1 The Relationship between Cosmetics and Sustainability 47</p>
<p>3.2 The Growing Significance of Sustainability 48</p>
<p>3.2.1 Current Situation 48</p>
<p>3.2.2 Solution Strategies 49</p>
<p>3.3 Sustainability as a Social Challenge for Cosmetics Companies 50</p>
<p>3.3.1 Social Footprinting 50</p>
<p>3.3.2 Critical Areas with Social Impacts 50</p>
<p>3.3.3 Social Diversity and Differentiation 52</p>
<p>3.4 Case Study: Weleda: A Value–Oriented Business 53</p>
<p>3.4.1 Ethical Sourcing 55</p>
<p>3.4.2 Employee Policy 62</p>
<p>3.4.3 Corporate Philanthropy 65</p>
<p>3.4.4 Economic Sustainability and Value Creation 66</p>
<p>3.5 Conclusions 68</p>
<p>Recommended Reading 68</p>
<p>References 68</p>
<p>4 Ethical Sourcing of Raw Materials 69</p>
<p>Part 1: Ethical Sourcing The Givaudan Approach 69<br /> Remi Pulverail</p>
<p>4.1.1 The Business Case for Ethical Sourcing 69</p>
<p>4.1.2 Making Ethical Sourcing a Reality 70</p>
<p>4.1.3 Working with Customers 71</p>
<p>4.1.4 Building Supplier Partnerships 72</p>
<p>4.1.5 Securing the Future of Benzoin in Laos 72</p>
<p>4.1.6 Tracing the Origins of Ethical Vanilla in Madagascar 74</p>
<p>4.1.7 Moh´eli Partnership Rediscovers Ylang Ylang 76</p>
<p>4.1.8 Equipment Loans Support Sustainable Sandalwood Production 77</p>
<p>4.1.9 Protecting Biodiversity and Tonka Bean Supply in Venezuela 79</p>
<p>4.1.10 Is Natural Sustainable? 80</p>
<p>4.1.11 Conclusion 80</p>
<p>Part 2: Innovation and Ethical Sourcing Beraca s Experience 81<br /> Filipe Tomazelli Sabara</p>
<p>4.2.1 Introduction 81</p>
<p>4.2.2 Challenges Related to Ethical Sourcing 82</p>
<p>4.2.3 Beraca and the Biodiversity Enhancement Programme 83</p>
<p>4.2.4 Working in Partnership with Local Communities 85</p>
<p>4.2.5 Success Stories 89</p>
<p>4.2.6 What is Yet to be Achieved 93</p>
<p>4.2.7 Conclusion 94</p>
<p>References 95</p>
<p>5 Biodiversity in the Cosmetics Industry 97<br /> Eduardo Escobedo and Rik Kutsch Lojenga</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 97</p>
<p>5.1.1 The Critical Loss of Biodiversity and Its Impact on the Cosmetics Industry 99</p>
<p>5.2 Why Should the Cosmetics Industry Care about Protecting Biodiversity? 100</p>
<p>5.2.1 Biodiversity as a Sound Business Strategy 101</p>
<p>5.2.2 Ecosystem Services 102</p>
<p>5.3 How is the Policy Arena Changing and What Implications Does This Have for the Industry? 103</p>
<p>5.3.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity 103</p>
<p>5.3.2 The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 104</p>
<p>5.3.3 The Nagoya Protocol 106</p>
<p>5.3.4 The Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) 107</p>
<p>5.4 Biodiversity Barometer: Consumer Views and Expectations on Biodiversity 109</p>
<p>5.4.1 Biodiversity Awareness is Growing 110</p>
<p>5.4.2 Increased Awareness Brings Greater Expectations 111</p>
<p>5.4.3 Opportunities for Pioneering Companies 111</p>
<p>5.5 Ethical Sourcing in Practice 114</p>
<p>5.5.1 Putting Ethical Sourcing of Biodiversity into Practice 114</p>
<p>5.5.2 Conservation of Biodiversity 116</p>
<p>5.5.3 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity 118</p>
<p>5.5.4 Fair and Equitable Benefit Sharing 120</p>
<p>5.6 Conclusions 124</p>
<p>References 125</p>
<p>6 Sustainable Packaging 127</p>
<p>Part 1: Introduction 127<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>References 129</p>
<p>Part 2: Sustainable Packaging for Cosmetic Products Using Biobased Carbon Content and Designing for End–of–Life 129<br /> Ramani Narayan</p>
<p>6.2.1 Introduction 129</p>
<p>6.2.2 Carbon Footprint Value Proposition 130</p>
<p>6.2.3 Material Carbon Versus Process Carbon Footprint 131</p>
<p>6.2.4 Exemplars of Zero Material Carbon Footprint Resins 132</p>
<p>6.2.5 Measuring Biobased Carbon Content 134</p>
<p>6.2.6 End–of–Life for the Packaging Recycling and Biodegradable–Compostability 135</p>
<p>6.2.7 Science of Biodegradability 136</p>
<p>6.2.8 Summary 138</p>
<p>References 139</p>
<p>Part 3: The Role of Design for Sustainable Packaging 139<br /> Anne van Haeften</p>
<p>6.3.1 Introduction 139</p>
<p>6.3.2 The Design Agency 140</p>
<p>6.3.3 Packaging Design 141</p>
<p>6.3.4 The Brand 142</p>
<p>6.3.5 Innovation and Design 144</p>
<p>6.3.6 Graphical Component 144</p>
<p>6.3.7 Post–Use Packaging 145</p>
<p>6.3.8 Lush Case Study: Get Naked! 145</p>
<p>6.3.9 Conclusion 147</p>
<p>References 148</p>
<p>Part 4: Sustainable Packaging Aveda Case Study 148<br /> John A. Delfausse</p>
<p>6.4.1 A Commitment to the Environment the Aveda Mission 148</p>
<p>6.4.2 Direction from the Top 148</p>
<p>6.4.3 A Great Beginning 149</p>
<p>6.4.4 Real Sustainability 153</p>
<p>7 Energy and Waste Management 155<br /> Charles J. Chuck Bennett and Michael S. Brown</p>
<p>7.1 Introduction to Energy and Waste Management in the Cosmetics Industry 155</p>
<p>7.1.1 Global Resource Constraints and the Challenge for Business 155</p>
<p>7.1.2 Energy Issues and the Cosmetics Industry 156</p>
<p>7.1.3 Wastes and Personal Care Products 158</p>
<p>7.2 Aveda the Company 159</p>
<p>7.3 Energy Management in Aveda 161</p>
<p>7.3.1 Process Energy Opportunities 162</p>
<p>7.3.2 Facility Energy Improvements 162</p>
<p>7.3.3 Results and Current Situation 163</p>
<p>7.3.4 Renewable Energy and Emissions Offsets 164</p>
<p>7.3.5 Other Dimensions of Aveda s Energy Management Shipping and Product Use 166</p>
<p>7.4 Waste Management at Aveda 167</p>
<p>7.4.1 Waste Management in Operations 167</p>
<p>7.4.2 Recycling beyond Blaine 169</p>
<p>7.4.3 Products and Packaging 169</p>
<p>7.5 Summary 173</p>
<p>References 173</p>
<p>8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Philanthropy 175</p>
<p>Part 1: Introduction 175<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>8.1.1 Corporate Social Responsibility 175</p>
<p>8.1.2 Corporate Philanthropy 176</p>
<p>References 178</p>
<p>Part 2: BURT S BEES® Case Study 178<br /> Paula Alexander</p>
<p>8.2.1 Value–Driven Sustainability Leadership 180</p>
<p>8.2.2 The Greater Good Business Model: An Integrated Approach to Sustainability 181</p>
<p>8.2.3 Strategic Giving 184</p>
<p>8.2.4 Employee Engagement 186</p>
<p>8.2.5 Summary 188</p>
<p>References 188</p>
<p>Part 3: Dr. Bronner s Magic Soaps: Business as Activism 189<br /> David Bronner</p>
<p>8.3.1 Introduction 189</p>
<p>8.3.2 Company Background 189</p>
<p>8.3.3 Fair Trade Projects 191</p>
<p>8.3.4 Corporate Activism 194</p>
<p>8.3.5 Summary 195</p>
<p>9 Green Formulations and Ingredients 197<br /> Judi Beerling</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 197</p>
<p>9.2 Definitions 198</p>
<p>9.2.1 Synthetic Ingredient 198</p>
<p>9.2.2 Natural Ingredient 198</p>
<p>9.2.3 Naturally Derived Ingredient 199</p>
<p>9.2.4 Nature Identical Ingredient 199</p>
<p>9.2.5 Organic 199</p>
<p>9.3 How Natural are Current Market Products? 200</p>
<p>9.4 Synthetic Ingredients Normally Absent from Natural/Organic Cosmetics 202</p>
<p>9.5 Available Green Replacements for Synthetic Cosmetic Ingredients 204</p>
<p>9.6 Formulation Issues with Green Ingredients 214</p>
<p>9.7 Summary 214</p>
<p>References 215</p>
<p>10 Green Standards, Certification and Indices 217<br /> Judi Beerling and Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>10.1 Introduction 217</p>
<p>10.2 Natural and Organic Cosmetic Standards 218</p>
<p>10.2.1 Major European Standards for Natural and Organic Products 219</p>
<p>10.2.2 BDIH (Germany) 219</p>
<p>10.2.3 Ecocert Greenlife (France) 220</p>
<p>10.2.4 CosmeBio (France) 221</p>
<p>10.2.5 Soil Association (UK) 221</p>
<p>10.2.6 ICEA (Italy) 222</p>
<p>10.2.7 COSMOS 222</p>
<p>10.2.8 Natrue (Belgium) 224</p>
<p>10.2.9 Other European Standards 225</p>
<p>10.2.10 Major North American Standards 225</p>
<p>10.2.11 USDA/NOP 226</p>
<p>10.2.12 NSF International 226</p>
<p>10.2.13 NPA (Natural Products Association) 227</p>
<p>10.2.14 Standards in Other Regions 228</p>
<p>10.2.15 Comparison of the Key Requirements of the Ecocert Greenlife, COSMOS and Natrue Standards 229</p>
<p>10.3 Fair Trade Labels 229</p>
<p>10.4 Other Eco–Labels 231</p>
<p>10.4.1 Eco Flower The European Eco–Label 231</p>
<p>10.4.2 Nordic Swan The Nordic Ecolabel 232</p>
<p>10.4.3 Others in Europe 232</p>
<p>10.4.4 Green Seal USA 232</p>
<p>10.4.5 USDA Biobased Product Certification 233</p>
<p>10.4.6 Carbon Labels 233</p>
<p>10.5 Other Sustainability Standards and Indices 234</p>
<p>10.5.1 ISO Standards 14000 and 26000 234</p>
<p>10.5.2 SA8000 235</p>
<p>10.5.3 Other Standards 236</p>
<p>10.5.4 Sustainable Indexes 236</p>
<p>References 237</p>
<p>11 Understanding Green Marketing 239<br /> Darrin C. Duber–Smith and Mason W. Rubin</p>
<p>11.1 The Why of Sustainability 240</p>
<p>11.2 The Green Consumer 242</p>
<p>11.3 Best Green Practices 244</p>
<p>11.4 Communication versus Reality: The Many Shades of Green 245</p>
<p>11.4.1 Red Marketer 245</p>
<p>11.4.2 Green Panderer 247</p>
<p>11.4.3 Green Buffeteer 248</p>
<p>11.4.4 Light Green Marketer 249</p>
<p>11.4.5 Natural Green Marketer 250</p>
<p>11.4.6 Deep Green Marketer 251</p>
<p>11.5 Greener Than Thou 252</p>
<p>References 253</p>
<p>12 Marketing Case Studies 255</p>
<p>Part 1: Yes ToTM Inc. 255<br /> Ido Leffler<br /> <br /> 12.1.1 The Background 255</p>
<p>12.1.2 The Growth Path 256</p>
<p>12.1.3 Marketing Strategy 259</p>
<p>12.1.4 Product Positioning 262</p>
<p>12.1.5 Distribution Growth and Brand Extensions 263</p>
<p>12.1.6 Future Plans 264</p>
<p>Part 2: Korres Natural Products 265</p>
<p>12.2.1 George Korres From Herbal Remedies to Natural Products 265</p>
<p>12.2.2 The Challenge 267</p>
<p>12.2.3 Vision and Strategy 268</p>
<p>12.2.4 Target Audience 270</p>
<p>12.2.5 The Portfolio at a Glance 270</p>
<p>12.2.6 Marketing and Positioning 271</p>
<p>12.2.7 Beauty Made Honest 272</p>
<p>12.2.8 Sustainability 273</p>
<p>12.2.9 Global Presence 274</p>
<p>12.2.10 A Closer Look 276</p>
<p>12.2.11 A Success Case Study Starring . . . the Product 277</p>
<p>12.2.12 The Future 277</p>
<p>Part 3: Whole Foods Market 278<br /> Jody Villecco</p>
<p>12.3.1 Introduction 278</p>
<p>12.3.2 Body Care Quality Standards 279</p>
<p>12.3.3 Whole Body Responsible Packaging 285</p>
<p>12.3.4 Organic Body Care Labeling Standards 286</p>
<p>12.3.5 Industry Recognition 287</p>
<p>12.3.6 Conclusion 287</p>
<p>References 288</p>
<p>13 Targeting the Green Consumer 289<br /> Kathy Sheehan</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 289</p>
<p>13.2 United States 292</p>
<p>13.3 Western Europe 295</p>
<p>13.4 China 296</p>
<p>13.5 Latin America 298</p>
<p>13.6 Conclusions 300</p>
<p>14 Future Outlook 301<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>14.1 Preamble 301</p>
<p>14.2 Sustainability 301</p>
<p>14.3 Social Dimensions 303</p>
<p>14.4 Green Cosmetics 305</p>
<p>14.5 Responsible Consumption 308</p>
<p>14.6 Role of Government and Legislation 310</p>
<p>14.7 Benchmarking of Cosmetic Companies 311</p>
<p>14.8 Conclusions 312</p>
<p>References 314</p>
<p>Index</p>
<p>Foreword xxiii</p>
<p>Preface xxvii</p>
<p>1 Introduction to Sustainability 1<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>1.1 Introduction to Book 1</p>
<p>1.2 Introduction to Sustainability 2</p>
<p>1.3 Ethics in the Cosmetics Industry 3</p>
<p>1.4 Drivers of Sustainability 6</p>
<p>1.4.1 Rise in Ethical Consumerism 7</p>
<p>1.4.2 Pressure from the Media and NGOs 7</p>
<p>1.4.3 Environmental Changes and Finite Resources 8</p>
<p>1.4.4 Pressure from the Supply Chain 9</p>
<p>1.4.5 Laws and Regulation 9</p>
<p>1.4.6 Business Benefits 10</p>
<p>1.5 Sustainability Reporting 10</p>
<p>1.5.1 CSR and Sustainability Reports 10</p>
<p>1.5.2 Communicating to Consumers 11</p>
<p>1.6 Guide to Book Chapters 12</p>
<p>References 15</p>
<p>2 Environmental Impacts of Cosmetic Products 17</p>
<p>Part 1: The Growing Importance of Metrics 17<br /> Xavier Vital</p>
<p>2.1.1 Corporate Carbon Footprinting 18</p>
<p>2.1.2 Ecodesign 25</p>
<p>2.1.3 Get Ready for the Future 27</p>
<p>2.1.4 Conclusions 30</p>
<p>Acknowledgement 31</p>
<p>References 31</p>
<p>Part 2: Innovating to Reduce the Environmental Footprint, the L Oreal Example 31<br /> Jean–Florent Campion, Rachel Barre, and Laurent Gilbert</p>
<p>2.2.1 Introduction 31</p>
<p>2.2.2 Product Eco–Design 32</p>
<p>2.2.3 Responsible Sourcing and Biodiversity Preservation 35</p>
<p>2.2.4 Responsible Production 38</p>
<p>2.2.5 Reference Actions Some Examples of Key Achievements 40</p>
<p>2.2.6 Conclusion 46</p>
<p>Acknowledgements 46</p>
<p>References 46</p>
<p>3 The Social Footprint of a Beauty Company 47<br /> Bas Schneiders</p>
<p>3.1 The Relationship between Cosmetics and Sustainability 47</p>
<p>3.2 The Growing Significance of Sustainability 48</p>
<p>3.2.1 Current Situation 48</p>
<p>3.2.2 Solution Strategies 49</p>
<p>3.3 Sustainability as a Social Challenge for Cosmetics Companies 50</p>
<p>3.3.1 Social Footprinting 50</p>
<p>3.3.2 Critical Areas with Social Impacts 50</p>
<p>3.3.3 Social Diversity and Differentiation 52</p>
<p>3.4 Case Study: Weleda: A Value–Oriented Business 53</p>
<p>3.4.1 Ethical Sourcing 55</p>
<p>3.4.2 Employee Policy 62</p>
<p>3.4.3 Corporate Philanthropy 65</p>
<p>3.4.4 Economic Sustainability and Value Creation 66</p>
<p>3.5 Conclusions 68</p>
<p>Recommended Reading 68</p>
<p>References 68</p>
<p>4 Ethical Sourcing of Raw Materials 69</p>
<p>Part 1: Ethical Sourcing The Givaudan Approach 69<br /> Remi Pulverail</p>
<p>4.1.1 The Business Case for Ethical Sourcing 69</p>
<p>4.1.2 Making Ethical Sourcing a Reality 70</p>
<p>4.1.3 Working with Customers 71</p>
<p>4.1.4 Building Supplier Partnerships 72</p>
<p>4.1.5 Securing the Future of Benzoin in Laos 72</p>
<p>4.1.6 Tracing the Origins of Ethical Vanilla in Madagascar 74</p>
<p>4.1.7 Moh´eli Partnership Rediscovers Ylang Ylang 76</p>
<p>4.1.8 Equipment Loans Support Sustainable Sandalwood Production 77</p>
<p>4.1.9 Protecting Biodiversity and Tonka Bean Supply in Venezuela 79</p>
<p>4.1.10 Is Natural Sustainable? 80</p>
<p>4.1.11 Conclusion 80</p>
<p>Part 2: Innovation and Ethical Sourcing Beraca s Experience 81<br /> Filipe Tomazelli Sabara</p>
<p>4.2.1 Introduction 81</p>
<p>4.2.2 Challenges Related to Ethical Sourcing 82</p>
<p>4.2.3 Beraca and the Biodiversity Enhancement Programme 83</p>
<p>4.2.4 Working in Partnership with Local Communities 85</p>
<p>4.2.5 Success Stories 89</p>
<p>4.2.6 What is Yet to be Achieved 93</p>
<p>4.2.7 Conclusion 94</p>
<p>References 95</p>
<p>5 Biodiversity in the Cosmetics Industry 97<br /> Eduardo Escobedo and Rik Kutsch Lojenga</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 97</p>
<p>5.1.1 The Critical Loss of Biodiversity and Its Impact on the Cosmetics Industry 99</p>
<p>5.2 Why Should the Cosmetics Industry Care about Protecting Biodiversity? 100</p>
<p>5.2.1 Biodiversity as a Sound Business Strategy 101</p>
<p>5.2.2 Ecosystem Services 102</p>
<p>5.3 How is the Policy Arena Changing and What Implications Does This Have for the Industry? 103</p>
<p>5.3.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity 103</p>
<p>5.3.2 The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 104</p>
<p>5.3.3 The Nagoya Protocol 106</p>
<p>5.3.4 The Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) 107</p>
<p>5.4 Biodiversity Barometer: Consumer Views and Expectations on Biodiversity 109</p>
<p>5.4.1 Biodiversity Awareness is Growing 110</p>
<p>5.4.2 Increased Awareness Brings Greater Expectations 111</p>
<p>5.4.3 Opportunities for Pioneering Companies 111</p>
<p>5.5 Ethical Sourcing in Practice 114</p>
<p>5.5.1 Putting Ethical Sourcing of Biodiversity into Practice 114</p>
<p>5.5.2 Conservation of Biodiversity 116</p>
<p>5.5.3 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity 118</p>
<p>5.5.4 Fair and Equitable Benefit Sharing 120</p>
<p>5.6 Conclusions 124</p>
<p>References 125</p>
<p>6 Sustainable Packaging 127</p>
<p>Part 1: Introduction 127<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>References 129</p>
<p>Part 2: Sustainable Packaging for Cosmetic Products Using Biobased Carbon Content and Designing for End–of–Life 129<br /> Ramani Narayan</p>
<p>6.2.1 Introduction 129</p>
<p>6.2.2 Carbon Footprint Value Proposition 130</p>
<p>6.2.3 Material Carbon Versus Process Carbon Footprint 131</p>
<p>6.2.4 Exemplars of Zero Material Carbon Footprint Resins 132</p>
<p>6.2.5 Measuring Biobased Carbon Content 134</p>
<p>6.2.6 End–of–Life for the Packaging Recycling and Biodegradable–Compostability 135</p>
<p>6.2.7 Science of Biodegradability 136</p>
<p>6.2.8 Summary 138</p>
<p>References 139</p>
<p>Part 3: The Role of Design for Sustainable Packaging 139<br /> Anne van Haeften</p>
<p>6.3.1 Introduction 139</p>
<p>6.3.2 The Design Agency 140</p>
<p>6.3.3 Packaging Design 141</p>
<p>6.3.4 The Brand 142</p>
<p>6.3.5 Innovation and Design 144</p>
<p>6.3.6 Graphical Component 144</p>
<p>6.3.7 Post–Use Packaging 145</p>
<p>6.3.8 Lush Case Study: Get Naked! 145</p>
<p>6.3.9 Conclusion 147</p>
<p>References 148</p>
<p>Part 4: Sustainable Packaging Aveda Case Study 148<br /> John A. Delfausse</p>
<p>6.4.1 A Commitment to the Environment the Aveda Mission 148</p>
<p>6.4.2 Direction from the Top 148</p>
<p>6.4.3 A Great Beginning 149</p>
<p>6.4.4 Real Sustainability 153</p>
<p>7 Energy and Waste Management 155<br /> Charles J. Chuck Bennett and Michael S. Brown</p>
<p>7.1 Introduction to Energy and Waste Management in the Cosmetics Industry 155</p>
<p>7.1.1 Global Resource Constraints and the Challenge for Business 155</p>
<p>7.1.2 Energy Issues and the Cosmetics Industry 156</p>
<p>7.1.3 Wastes and Personal Care Products 158</p>
<p>7.2 Aveda the Company 159</p>
<p>7.3 Energy Management in Aveda 161</p>
<p>7.3.1 Process Energy Opportunities 162</p>
<p>7.3.2 Facility Energy Improvements 162</p>
<p>7.3.3 Results and Current Situation 163</p>
<p>7.3.4 Renewable Energy and Emissions Offsets 164</p>
<p>7.3.5 Other Dimensions of Aveda s Energy Management Shipping and Product Use 166</p>
<p>7.4 Waste Management at Aveda 167</p>
<p>7.4.1 Waste Management in Operations 167</p>
<p>7.4.2 Recycling beyond Blaine 169</p>
<p>7.4.3 Products and Packaging 169</p>
<p>7.5 Summary 173</p>
<p>References 173</p>
<p>8 Corporate Social Responsibility and Philanthropy 175</p>
<p>Part 1: Introduction 175<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>8.1.1 Corporate Social Responsibility 175</p>
<p>8.1.2 Corporate Philanthropy 176</p>
<p>References 178</p>
<p>Part 2: BURT S BEES® Case Study 178<br /> Paula Alexander</p>
<p>8.2.1 Value–Driven Sustainability Leadership 180</p>
<p>8.2.2 The Greater Good Business Model: An Integrated Approach to Sustainability 181</p>
<p>8.2.3 Strategic Giving 184</p>
<p>8.2.4 Employee Engagement 186</p>
<p>8.2.5 Summary 188</p>
<p>References 188</p>
<p>Part 3: Dr. Bronner s Magic Soaps: Business as Activism 189<br /> David Bronner</p>
<p>8.3.1 Introduction 189</p>
<p>8.3.2 Company Background 189</p>
<p>8.3.3 Fair Trade Projects 191</p>
<p>8.3.4 Corporate Activism 194</p>
<p>8.3.5 Summary 195</p>
<p>9 Green Formulations and Ingredients 197<br /> Judi Beerling</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 197</p>
<p>9.2 Definitions 198</p>
<p>9.2.1 Synthetic Ingredient 198</p>
<p>9.2.2 Natural Ingredient 198</p>
<p>9.2.3 Naturally Derived Ingredient 199</p>
<p>9.2.4 Nature Identical Ingredient 199</p>
<p>9.2.5 Organic 199</p>
<p>9.3 How Natural are Current Market Products? 200</p>
<p>9.4 Synthetic Ingredients Normally Absent from Natural/Organic Cosmetics 202</p>
<p>9.5 Available Green Replacements for Synthetic Cosmetic Ingredients 204</p>
<p>9.6 Formulation Issues with Green Ingredients 214</p>
<p>9.7 Summary 214</p>
<p>References 215</p>
<p>10 Green Standards, Certification and Indices 217<br /> Judi Beerling and Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>10.1 Introduction 217</p>
<p>10.2 Natural and Organic Cosmetic Standards 218</p>
<p>10.2.1 Major European Standards for Natural and Organic Products 219</p>
<p>10.2.2 BDIH (Germany) 219</p>
<p>10.2.3 Ecocert Greenlife (France) 220</p>
<p>10.2.4 CosmeBio (France) 221</p>
<p>10.2.5 Soil Association (UK) 221</p>
<p>10.2.6 ICEA (Italy) 222</p>
<p>10.2.7 COSMOS 222</p>
<p>10.2.8 Natrue (Belgium) 224</p>
<p>10.2.9 Other European Standards 225</p>
<p>10.2.10 Major North American Standards 225</p>
<p>10.2.11 USDA/NOP 226</p>
<p>10.2.12 NSF International 226</p>
<p>10.2.13 NPA (Natural Products Association) 227</p>
<p>10.2.14 Standards in Other Regions 228</p>
<p>10.2.15 Comparison of the Key Requirements of the Ecocert Greenlife, COSMOS and Natrue Standards 229</p>
<p>10.3 Fair Trade Labels 229</p>
<p>10.4 Other Eco–Labels 231</p>
<p>10.4.1 Eco Flower The European Eco–Label 231</p>
<p>10.4.2 Nordic Swan The Nordic Ecolabel 232</p>
<p>10.4.3 Others in Europe 232</p>
<p>10.4.4 Green Seal USA 232</p>
<p>10.4.5 USDA Biobased Product Certification 233</p>
<p>10.4.6 Carbon Labels 233</p>
<p>10.5 Other Sustainability Standards and Indices 234</p>
<p>10.5.1 ISO Standards 14000 and 26000 234</p>
<p>10.5.2 SA8000 235</p>
<p>10.5.3 Other Standards 236</p>
<p>10.5.4 Sustainable Indexes 236</p>
<p>References 237</p>
<p>11 Understanding Green Marketing 239<br /> Darrin C. Duber–Smith and Mason W. Rubin</p>
<p>11.1 The Why of Sustainability 240</p>
<p>11.2 The Green Consumer 242</p>
<p>11.3 Best Green Practices 244</p>
<p>11.4 Communication versus Reality: The Many Shades of Green 245</p>
<p>11.4.1 Red Marketer 245</p>
<p>11.4.2 Green Panderer 247</p>
<p>11.4.3 Green Buffeteer 248</p>
<p>11.4.4 Light Green Marketer 249</p>
<p>11.4.5 Natural Green Marketer 250</p>
<p>11.4.6 Deep Green Marketer 251</p>
<p>11.5 Greener Than Thou 252</p>
<p>References 253</p>
<p>12 Marketing Case Studies 255</p>
<p>Part 1: Yes ToTM Inc. 255<br /> Ido Leffler<br /> <br /> 12.1.1 The Background 255</p>
<p>12.1.2 The Growth Path 256</p>
<p>12.1.3 Marketing Strategy 259</p>
<p>12.1.4 Product Positioning 262</p>
<p>12.1.5 Distribution Growth and Brand Extensions 263</p>
<p>12.1.6 Future Plans 264</p>
<p>Part 2: Korres Natural Products 265</p>
<p>12.2.1 George Korres From Herbal Remedies to Natural Products 265</p>
<p>12.2.2 The Challenge 267</p>
<p>12.2.3 Vision and Strategy 268</p>
<p>12.2.4 Target Audience 270</p>
<p>12.2.5 The Portfolio at a Glance 270</p>
<p>12.2.6 Marketing and Positioning 271</p>
<p>12.2.7 Beauty Made Honest 272</p>
<p>12.2.8 Sustainability 273</p>
<p>12.2.9 Global Presence 274</p>
<p>12.2.10 A Closer Look 276</p>
<p>12.2.11 A Success Case Study Starring . . . the Product 277</p>
<p>12.2.12 The Future 277</p>
<p>Part 3: Whole Foods Market 278<br /> Jody Villecco</p>
<p>12.3.1 Introduction 278</p>
<p>12.3.2 Body Care Quality Standards 279</p>
<p>12.3.3 Whole Body Responsible Packaging 285</p>
<p>12.3.4 Organic Body Care Labeling Standards 286</p>
<p>12.3.5 Industry Recognition 287</p>
<p>12.3.6 Conclusion 287</p>
<p>References 288</p>
<p>13 Targeting the Green Consumer 289<br /> Kathy Sheehan</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 289</p>
<p>13.2 United States 292</p>
<p>13.3 Western Europe 295</p>
<p>13.4 China 296</p>
<p>13.5 Latin America 298</p>
<p>13.6 Conclusions 300</p>
<p>14 Future Outlook 301<br /> Amarjit Sahota</p>
<p>14.1 Preamble 301</p>
<p>14.2 Sustainability 301</p>
<p>14.3 Social Dimensions 303</p>
<p>14.4 Green Cosmetics 305</p>
<p>14.5 Responsible Consumption 308</p>
<p>14.6 Role of Government and Legislation 310</p>
<p>14.7 Benchmarking of Cosmetic Companies 311</p>
<p>14.8 Conclusions 312</p>
<p>References 314</p>
<p>Index</p>