A Tiwari
John Wiley & Sons
e druk, 2014
9781118686294
Advanced Energy Materials
Specificaties
Gebonden, 616 blz.
|
Engels
John Wiley & Sons |
e druk, 2014
ISBN13: 9781118686294
Rubricering
Onderdeel van serie
Advanced Material Series
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 15 werkdagen
Samenvatting
An essential resource for scientists designing new energy materials for the vast landscape of solar energy conversion as well as materials processing and characterization
Based on the new and fundamental research on novel energy materials with tailor–made photonic properties, the role of materials engineering has been to provide much needed support in the development of photovoltaic devices. Advanced Energy Materials offers a unique, state–of–the–art look at the new world of novel energy materials science, shedding light on the subject s vast multi–disciplinary approach
The book focuses particularly on photovoltaics, efficient light sources, fuel cells, energy–saving technologies, energy storage technologies, nanostructured materials as well as innovating materials and techniques for future nanoscale electronics. Pathways to future development are also discussed.
Critical, cutting–edge subjects are addressed, including:
Non–imaging focusing heliostat; state–of–the–art of nanostructures
Metal oxide semiconductors and their nanocomposites
Superionic solids; polymer nanocomposites; solid electrolytes; advanced electronics
Electronic and optical properties of lead sulfide
High–electron mobility transistors and light–emitting diodes
Anti–ferroelectric liquid crystals; PEEK membrane for fuel cells
Advanced phosphors for energy–efficient lighting
Molecular computation photovoltaics and photocatalysts
Photovoltaic device technology and non–conventional energy applications
Readership
The book is written for a large and broad readership including researchers and university graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, physics, and engineering working in the fields of nanotechnology, photovoltaic device technology, and non–conventional energy.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781118686294
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:gebonden
Aantal pagina's:616
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Serie:Advanced Material Series
Inhoudsopgave
<p>Preface xv</p>
<p>1 Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat 1<br /> Kok–Keong Chong</p>
<p>1.1 Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.2 The Principle of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 3</p>
<p>1.3 Residual Aberration 10</p>
<p>1.4 Optimization of Flux Distribution Pattern for Wide Range of Incident Angle 29</p>
<p>1.5 First Prototype of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 35</p>
<p>1.6 Second Prototype of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 52</p>
<p>1.7 Conclusion 64</p>
<p>2 State–of–the–Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research 69<br /> Suresh Sagadevan</p>
<p>2.1 Introduction 70</p>
<p>2.2 Motivations for Solar Energy 71</p>
<p>2.3 Nanostructures and Different Synthesis Techniques 77</p>
<p>2.4 Nanomaterials for Solar Cells Applications 81</p>
<p>2.5 Advanced Nanostructures for Technological Applications 87</p>
<p>2.6 Theory and Future Trends in Solar Cells 92</p>
<p>2.7 Conclusion 97</p>
<p>3 Metal Oxide Semiconductors and Their Nanocomposites Application towards Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic 105<br /> Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar, Hyung–Kee Seo and Hyung Shik Shin</p>
<p>3.1 Introduction 106</p>
<p>3.2 Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Applications 108</p>
<p>3.3 TiO2 Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 109</p>
<p>3.4 ZnO Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 121</p>
<p>3.5 Fabrication of DSSCs with Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods (NRs) and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Based Photoanode 135</p>
<p>3.6 ZnO Nanocomposite for the Heterostructures Devices 139</p>
<p>3.7 Fabrication of Heterostructure Device with Doped ZnO Nanocomposite 141</p>
<p>3.8 Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Application 144</p>
<p>3.9 Conclusions 157</p>
<p>3.10 Future Directions 158</p>
<p>4 Superionic Solids in Energy Device Applications 167<br /> Angesh Chandra and Archana Chandra</p>
<p>4.1 Introduction 167</p>
<p>4.2 Classifi cation of Superionic Solids 170</p>
<p>4.3 Ion Conduction in Superionic Solids 171</p>
<p>4.4 Important Models 173</p>
<p>4.5 Applications 199</p>
<p>4.6 Conclusion 203</p>
<p>5 Polymer Nanocomposites: New Advanced Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage Applications 207<br /> Vijay Kumar Thakur and Michael R. Kessler</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 208</p>
<p>5.2 Dielectric Mechanism 209</p>
<p>5.3 Dielectric Materials 213</p>
<p>5.4 Demand for New Materials: Polymer Composites 214</p>
<p>5.5 Polymer Nanocomposites: Concept and Electrical Properties 216</p>
<p>5.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 245</p>
<p>6 Solid Electrolytes: Principles and Applications 259<br /> S.W. Anwane</p>
<p>6.1 Introduction 260</p>
<p>6.2 Ionic Solids 262</p>
<p>6.3 Classifi cation of Solid Electrolytes 265</p>
<p>6.4 Criteria for High Ionic Conductivity and Mobility 266</p>
<p>6.5 Electrical Characterization of Solid Electrolyte 267</p>
<p>6.6 Ionic Conductivity and Temperature 271</p>
<p>6.7 Concentration–Dependent Conductivity 274</p>
<p>6.8 Ionic Conductivity in Composite SE 275</p>
<p>6.9 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical System 278</p>
<p>6.10 Applications 280</p>
<p>6.11 SO2 Sensor Kinetics and Thermodynamics 286</p>
<p>6.12 Conclusion 291</p>
<p>7 Advanced Electronics: Looking beyond Silicon 295<br /> Surender Duhan and Vijay Tomer</p>
<p>7.1 Introduction 296</p>
<p>7.2 Limitations of Silicon–Based Technology 299</p>
<p>7.3 Need for Carbon–Based Electronics Technology 300</p>
<p>7.4 Carbon Family 303</p>
<p>7.5 Electronic Structure of Graphene and CNT 309</p>
<p>7.6 Synthesis of CNTs 311</p>
<p>7.7 Carbon Nanotube Devices 313</p>
<p>7.8 Advantages of CNT–Based Devices 317</p>
<p>7.9 Issues with Carbon–Based Electronics 319</p>
<p>7.10 Conclusion 322</p>
<p>8 Ab–Initio Determination of Pressure–Dependent Electronic and Optical Properties of Lead Sulfi de for Energy Applications 327<br /> Pooja B and G. Sharma</p>
<p>8.1 Introduction 327</p>
<p>8.2 Computational Details 328</p>
<p>8.3 Results and Discussion 329</p>
<p>8.4 Conclusions 340</p>
<p>9 Radiation Damage in GaN–Based Materials and Devices 345<br /> S.J. Pearton, Richard Deist, Alexander Y. Polyakov, Fan Ren, Lu Liu and Jihyun Kim</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 346</p>
<p>9.2 Fundamental Studies of Radiation Defects in GaN and Related Materials 347</p>
<p>9.3 Radiation Effects in Other III–Nitrides 366</p>
<p>9.4 Radiation Effects in GaN Schottky Diodes, in AlGaN/GaN and GaN/InGaN Heterojunctions and Quantum Wells 370</p>
<p>9.5 Radiation Effects in GaN–Based Devices 374</p>
<p>9.6 Prospects of Radiation Technology for GaN 376</p>
<p>9.7 Summary and Conclusions 379</p>
<p>10 Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Smart Materials for Future Displays 389<br /> Manoj Bhushan Pandey, Roman Dabrowski and Ravindra Dhar</p>
<p>10.1 Introduction 390</p>
<p>10.2 Theories of Antiferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals 398</p>
<p>10.3 Molecular Structure Design/Synthesis of AFLC Materials 402</p>
<p>10.4 Macroscopic Characterization and Physical Properties of AFLCs 404</p>
<p>10.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 425</p>
<p>11 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications 433<br /> Tungabidya Maharana, Alekha Kumar Sutar, Nibedita Nath, Anita Routaray, Yuvraj Singh Negi and Bikash Mohanty</p>
<p>11.1 Introduction 434</p>
<p>11.2 PEEK Overview 442</p>
<p>11.3 PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 446</p>
<p>11.4 Modifi ed PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 452</p>
<p>11.5 Evaluation of Cell Performance 459</p>
<p>11.6 Market Size 459</p>
<p>11.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects 460</p>
<p>12 Vanadate Phosphors for Energy Effi cient Lighting 465<br /> K. N. Shinde and Roshani Singh</p>
<p>12.1 Introduction 465</p>
<p>12.2 Some Well–Known Vanadate Phosphors 466</p>
<p>12.3 Our Approach 469</p>
<p>12.4 Experimental Details 469</p>
<p>12.5 Results and Discussion of M3–3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (0.01 x 0.09 for M = Ca and 0 x 0.3 for M = Sr,Ba) Phosphors 470</p>
<p>12.6 Effect of Annealing Temperature on M3 3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (x = 0.05 for M = Ca, x = 0.1 for M = Sr and x = 0.3 for M = Ba) Phosphors 484</p>
<p>12.7 Conclusions 494</p>
<p>13 Molecular Computation on Functionalized Solid Substrates 499<br /> Prakash Chandra Mondal</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 500</p>
<p>13.2 Molecular Logic Gate on 3D Substrates 504</p>
<p>13.3 Molecular Logic Gates and Circuits on 2D Substrates 507</p>
<p>13.4 Combinatorial and Sequential Logic Gates and Circuits using Os–polypyridyl Complex on SiO× Substrates 514</p>
<p>13.5 Multiple Redox States and Logic Devices 520</p>
<p>13.6 Concluding Remarks 523</p>
<p>14 Ionic Liquid Stabilized Metal NPs and Their Role as Potent Catalyst 529<br /> Kamlesh Kumari, Prashant Singh and Gopal K.Mehrotra</p>
<p>14.1 Introduction 530</p>
<p>14.2 Applications of Metal Nanoparticles 531</p>
<p>14.3 Shape of Particles 532</p>
<p>14.4 Aggregation of Particles 533</p>
<p>14.5 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 533</p>
<p>14.6 Stability against Oxidation 534</p>
<p>14.7 Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid 535</p>
<p>14.8 Applications of Metal NPs as Potent Catalyst in Organic Synthesis 540</p>
<p>14.9 Conclusion 544</p>
<p>15 There′s Plenty of Room in the Field of Zeolite–Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials as Eco–Friendly Catalysts: Selected Catalytic Reactions 555<br /> C.K. Modi and Parthiv M. Trivedi</p>
<p>15.1 Introduction 556</p>
<p>15.2 Types of Zeolites 557</p>
<p>15.3 Methodology 559</p>
<p>15.4 Characterization Techniques 561</p>
<p>15.5 Exploration of Zeolite–Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials 562</p>
<p>15.6 Conclusions 576</p>
<p>References 579</p>
<p>Index 585</p>
<p>1 Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat 1<br /> Kok–Keong Chong</p>
<p>1.1 Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.2 The Principle of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 3</p>
<p>1.3 Residual Aberration 10</p>
<p>1.4 Optimization of Flux Distribution Pattern for Wide Range of Incident Angle 29</p>
<p>1.5 First Prototype of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 35</p>
<p>1.6 Second Prototype of Non–imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 52</p>
<p>1.7 Conclusion 64</p>
<p>2 State–of–the–Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research 69<br /> Suresh Sagadevan</p>
<p>2.1 Introduction 70</p>
<p>2.2 Motivations for Solar Energy 71</p>
<p>2.3 Nanostructures and Different Synthesis Techniques 77</p>
<p>2.4 Nanomaterials for Solar Cells Applications 81</p>
<p>2.5 Advanced Nanostructures for Technological Applications 87</p>
<p>2.6 Theory and Future Trends in Solar Cells 92</p>
<p>2.7 Conclusion 97</p>
<p>3 Metal Oxide Semiconductors and Their Nanocomposites Application towards Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic 105<br /> Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar, Hyung–Kee Seo and Hyung Shik Shin</p>
<p>3.1 Introduction 106</p>
<p>3.2 Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Applications 108</p>
<p>3.3 TiO2 Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 109</p>
<p>3.4 ZnO Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 121</p>
<p>3.5 Fabrication of DSSCs with Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods (NRs) and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Based Photoanode 135</p>
<p>3.6 ZnO Nanocomposite for the Heterostructures Devices 139</p>
<p>3.7 Fabrication of Heterostructure Device with Doped ZnO Nanocomposite 141</p>
<p>3.8 Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Application 144</p>
<p>3.9 Conclusions 157</p>
<p>3.10 Future Directions 158</p>
<p>4 Superionic Solids in Energy Device Applications 167<br /> Angesh Chandra and Archana Chandra</p>
<p>4.1 Introduction 167</p>
<p>4.2 Classifi cation of Superionic Solids 170</p>
<p>4.3 Ion Conduction in Superionic Solids 171</p>
<p>4.4 Important Models 173</p>
<p>4.5 Applications 199</p>
<p>4.6 Conclusion 203</p>
<p>5 Polymer Nanocomposites: New Advanced Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage Applications 207<br /> Vijay Kumar Thakur and Michael R. Kessler</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 208</p>
<p>5.2 Dielectric Mechanism 209</p>
<p>5.3 Dielectric Materials 213</p>
<p>5.4 Demand for New Materials: Polymer Composites 214</p>
<p>5.5 Polymer Nanocomposites: Concept and Electrical Properties 216</p>
<p>5.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 245</p>
<p>6 Solid Electrolytes: Principles and Applications 259<br /> S.W. Anwane</p>
<p>6.1 Introduction 260</p>
<p>6.2 Ionic Solids 262</p>
<p>6.3 Classifi cation of Solid Electrolytes 265</p>
<p>6.4 Criteria for High Ionic Conductivity and Mobility 266</p>
<p>6.5 Electrical Characterization of Solid Electrolyte 267</p>
<p>6.6 Ionic Conductivity and Temperature 271</p>
<p>6.7 Concentration–Dependent Conductivity 274</p>
<p>6.8 Ionic Conductivity in Composite SE 275</p>
<p>6.9 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical System 278</p>
<p>6.10 Applications 280</p>
<p>6.11 SO2 Sensor Kinetics and Thermodynamics 286</p>
<p>6.12 Conclusion 291</p>
<p>7 Advanced Electronics: Looking beyond Silicon 295<br /> Surender Duhan and Vijay Tomer</p>
<p>7.1 Introduction 296</p>
<p>7.2 Limitations of Silicon–Based Technology 299</p>
<p>7.3 Need for Carbon–Based Electronics Technology 300</p>
<p>7.4 Carbon Family 303</p>
<p>7.5 Electronic Structure of Graphene and CNT 309</p>
<p>7.6 Synthesis of CNTs 311</p>
<p>7.7 Carbon Nanotube Devices 313</p>
<p>7.8 Advantages of CNT–Based Devices 317</p>
<p>7.9 Issues with Carbon–Based Electronics 319</p>
<p>7.10 Conclusion 322</p>
<p>8 Ab–Initio Determination of Pressure–Dependent Electronic and Optical Properties of Lead Sulfi de for Energy Applications 327<br /> Pooja B and G. Sharma</p>
<p>8.1 Introduction 327</p>
<p>8.2 Computational Details 328</p>
<p>8.3 Results and Discussion 329</p>
<p>8.4 Conclusions 340</p>
<p>9 Radiation Damage in GaN–Based Materials and Devices 345<br /> S.J. Pearton, Richard Deist, Alexander Y. Polyakov, Fan Ren, Lu Liu and Jihyun Kim</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 346</p>
<p>9.2 Fundamental Studies of Radiation Defects in GaN and Related Materials 347</p>
<p>9.3 Radiation Effects in Other III–Nitrides 366</p>
<p>9.4 Radiation Effects in GaN Schottky Diodes, in AlGaN/GaN and GaN/InGaN Heterojunctions and Quantum Wells 370</p>
<p>9.5 Radiation Effects in GaN–Based Devices 374</p>
<p>9.6 Prospects of Radiation Technology for GaN 376</p>
<p>9.7 Summary and Conclusions 379</p>
<p>10 Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Smart Materials for Future Displays 389<br /> Manoj Bhushan Pandey, Roman Dabrowski and Ravindra Dhar</p>
<p>10.1 Introduction 390</p>
<p>10.2 Theories of Antiferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals 398</p>
<p>10.3 Molecular Structure Design/Synthesis of AFLC Materials 402</p>
<p>10.4 Macroscopic Characterization and Physical Properties of AFLCs 404</p>
<p>10.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 425</p>
<p>11 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications 433<br /> Tungabidya Maharana, Alekha Kumar Sutar, Nibedita Nath, Anita Routaray, Yuvraj Singh Negi and Bikash Mohanty</p>
<p>11.1 Introduction 434</p>
<p>11.2 PEEK Overview 442</p>
<p>11.3 PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 446</p>
<p>11.4 Modifi ed PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 452</p>
<p>11.5 Evaluation of Cell Performance 459</p>
<p>11.6 Market Size 459</p>
<p>11.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects 460</p>
<p>12 Vanadate Phosphors for Energy Effi cient Lighting 465<br /> K. N. Shinde and Roshani Singh</p>
<p>12.1 Introduction 465</p>
<p>12.2 Some Well–Known Vanadate Phosphors 466</p>
<p>12.3 Our Approach 469</p>
<p>12.4 Experimental Details 469</p>
<p>12.5 Results and Discussion of M3–3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (0.01 x 0.09 for M = Ca and 0 x 0.3 for M = Sr,Ba) Phosphors 470</p>
<p>12.6 Effect of Annealing Temperature on M3 3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (x = 0.05 for M = Ca, x = 0.1 for M = Sr and x = 0.3 for M = Ba) Phosphors 484</p>
<p>12.7 Conclusions 494</p>
<p>13 Molecular Computation on Functionalized Solid Substrates 499<br /> Prakash Chandra Mondal</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 500</p>
<p>13.2 Molecular Logic Gate on 3D Substrates 504</p>
<p>13.3 Molecular Logic Gates and Circuits on 2D Substrates 507</p>
<p>13.4 Combinatorial and Sequential Logic Gates and Circuits using Os–polypyridyl Complex on SiO× Substrates 514</p>
<p>13.5 Multiple Redox States and Logic Devices 520</p>
<p>13.6 Concluding Remarks 523</p>
<p>14 Ionic Liquid Stabilized Metal NPs and Their Role as Potent Catalyst 529<br /> Kamlesh Kumari, Prashant Singh and Gopal K.Mehrotra</p>
<p>14.1 Introduction 530</p>
<p>14.2 Applications of Metal Nanoparticles 531</p>
<p>14.3 Shape of Particles 532</p>
<p>14.4 Aggregation of Particles 533</p>
<p>14.5 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 533</p>
<p>14.6 Stability against Oxidation 534</p>
<p>14.7 Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid 535</p>
<p>14.8 Applications of Metal NPs as Potent Catalyst in Organic Synthesis 540</p>
<p>14.9 Conclusion 544</p>
<p>15 There′s Plenty of Room in the Field of Zeolite–Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials as Eco–Friendly Catalysts: Selected Catalytic Reactions 555<br /> C.K. Modi and Parthiv M. Trivedi</p>
<p>15.1 Introduction 556</p>
<p>15.2 Types of Zeolites 557</p>
<p>15.3 Methodology 559</p>
<p>15.4 Characterization Techniques 561</p>
<p>15.5 Exploration of Zeolite–Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials 562</p>
<p>15.6 Conclusions 576</p>
<p>References 579</p>
<p>Index 585</p>