Kenneth W. (Eastern Washington University) Raymond,
K Raymond
John Wiley & Sons
4e druk, 2013
9781118362495
Student Solutions Manual to accompany General Organic and Biological Chemistry 4e
An Integrated Approach Student Solutions Manual
Specificaties
Paperback, 384 blz.
|
Engels
John Wiley & Sons |
4e druk, 2013
ISBN13: 9781118362495
Rubricering
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen
Samenvatting
General, Organic and Biological Chemistry, 4th Edition has been written for students preparing for careers in health–related fields such as nursing, dental hygiene, nutrition, medical technology and occupational therapy. It is also suited for students majoring in other fields where it is important to have an understanding of the basics of chemistry. An integrated approach is employed in which related general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry topics are presented in adjacent chapters. This approach helps students see the strong connections that exist between these three branches of chemistry, and allows instructors to discuss these, interrelationships while the material is still fresh in students′ minds.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781118362495
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:paperback
Aantal pagina's:384
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Druk:4
Inhoudsopgave
<p>CHAPTER 1 SCIENCE AND MEASUREMENTS 1</p>
<p>1.1 The Scientific Method 2</p>
<p>1.2 Matter and Energy 5</p>
<p>1.3 Units of Measurement 9</p>
<p>1.4 Scientific Notation, SI and Metric Prefixes 13</p>
<p>1.5 Measurements and Significant Figures 15</p>
<p>1.6 Conversion Factors and the Factor Label Method 22</p>
<p>1.7 Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Heat 25</p>
<p>1.8 Measurements in General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry 29</p>
<p>CHAPTER 2 ATOMS AND</p>
<p>2.1 Atoms 44</p>
<p>2.2 Elements 46</p>
<p>2.3 Trace Elements 48</p>
<p>2.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number 51</p>
<p>2.5 Periodic Table 54</p>
<p>2.6 The Mole 59</p>
<p>2.7 The Arrangement of Electrons 62</p>
<p>2.8 Radioactive Isotopes 68</p>
<p>2.9 Radioisotopes in Medicine 71</p>
<p>CHAPTER 3 COMPOUNDS 88</p>
<p>3.1 Ions 90</p>
<p>3.2 The Octet Rule 93</p>
<p>3.3 Ionic Compounds 96</p>
<p>3.4 Covalent Bonds 101</p>
<p>3.5 Molecules 103</p>
<p>3.6 Formula Weight, Molecular Weight, and Molar Mass 105</p>
<p>CHAPTER 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 116</p>
<p>4.1 Structural Formulas 118</p>
<p>4.2 Polar Covalent Bonds, Shape, and Polarity 123</p>
<p>4.3 Noncovalent Interactions 130</p>
<p>4.4 Families of Organic Compounds 132</p>
<p>CHAPTER 5 REACTIONS 150</p>
<p>5.1 Chemical Equations 152</p>
<p>5.2 Reaction Types 156</p>
<p>5.3 Reactions Involving Water 158</p>
<p>5.4 Oxidation and Reduction 161</p>
<p>5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions 167</p>
<p>5.6 Calculating the Yield of a Reaction 171</p>
<p>5.7 Free Energy and Reaction Rate 174</p>
<p>CHAPTER 6 GASES, SOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, AND SUSPENSIONS 190</p>
<p>6.1 Gases and Pressure 192</p>
<p>6.2 The Gas Laws 197</p>
<p>6.3 Partial Pressure 202</p>
<p>6.4 Solutions 204</p>
<p>6.5 Precipitation Reactions 207</p>
<p>6.6 Solubility of Gases in Water 209</p>
<p>6.7 Organic and Biochemical Compounds 212</p>
<p>6.8 Concentration 216</p>
<p>6.9 Dilution 221</p>
<p>6.10 Colloids and Suspensions 222</p>
<p>6.11 Diffusion and Osmosis 225</p>
<p>CHAPTER 7 ACIDS, BASES, AND EQUILIBRIUM 238</p>
<p>7.1 Acids and Bases 240</p>
<p>7.2 Brønsted Lowry Acids and Bases 241</p>
<p>7.3 Equilibrium 243</p>
<p>7.4 Le Châtelier s Principle 246</p>
<p>7.5 Ionization of Water 250</p>
<p>7.6 The pH Scale 251</p>
<p>7.7 Acid and Base Strength 254</p>
<p>7.8 Neutralizing Acids and Bases 257</p>
<p>7.9 Effect of pH on Acid and Conjugate Base Concentrations 259</p>
<p>7.10 Buffers 261</p>
<p>7.11 Maintaining the pH of Blood Serum 263</p>
<p>CHAPTER 8 ORGANIC REACTIONS 1 HYDROCARBONS, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AMINES, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 276</p>
<p>8.1 Alkanes 278</p>
<p>8.2 Constitutional Isomers 282</p>
<p>8.3 Conformations 284</p>
<p>8.4 Cycloalkanes 285</p>
<p>8.5 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds 287</p>
<p>8.6 Reactions of Hydrocarbons 291</p>
<p>8.7 Carboxylic Acids 297</p>
<p>8.8 Phenols 299</p>
<p>8.9 Carboxylic Acids and Phenols as Weak Organic Acids 301</p>
<p>8.10 Preparing Esters 304</p>
<p>8.11 Amines 307</p>
<p>8.12 Amines as Weak Organic Bases 311</p>
<p>8.13 Amides 313</p>
<p>ORGANIC REACTIONS 2 ALCOHOLS, ETHERS,ALDEHYDES, AND KETONES 334</p>
<p>9.1 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds 336</p>
<p>9.2 Preparation 339</p>
<p>9.3 Reactions 341</p>
<p>9.4 Aldehydes and Ketones 344</p>
<p>9.5 Oxidation of Aldehydes 347</p>
<p>9.6 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 349</p>
<p>9.7 Reactions of Alcohols with Aldehydes and Ketones 352</p>
<p>CHAPTER 10 CARBOHYDRATES 370</p>
<p>10.1 Monosaccharides 372</p>
<p>10.2 Stereoisomers 374</p>
<p>10.3 Important Monosaccharides and Monosaccharide Derivatives 381</p>
<p>10.4 Reactions of Monosaccharides 384</p>
<p>10.5 Monosaccharides in Their Cyclic Form 386</p>
<p>10.6 Oligosaccharides 390</p>
<p>10.7 Polysaccharides 401</p>
<p>CHAPTER 11 LIPIDS AND MEMBRANES 420</p>
<p>11.1 Fatty Acids 422</p>
<p>11.2 Waxes 427</p>
<p>11.3 Triglycerides 429</p>
<p>11.4 Phospholipids and Glycolipids 437</p>
<p>11.5 Steroids 441</p>
<p>11.6 Eicosanoids 445</p>
<p>11.7 Membranes 447</p>
<p>CHAPTER 12 PEPTIDES, PROTEINS, AND ENZYMES 458</p>
<p>12.1 Amino Acids 460</p>
<p>12.2 The Peptide Bond 464</p>
<p>12.3 Peptides, Proteins, and pH 468</p>
<p>12.4 Protein Structure 469</p>
<p>12.5 Denaturation 477</p>
<p>12.6 Enzymes 478</p>
<p>12.7 Control of Enzyme–Catalyzed Reactions 482</p>
<p>CHAPTER 13 NUCLEIC ACIDS 498</p>
<p>13.1 Nucleic Acid Building Blocks 500</p>
<p>13.2 Nucleoside Di– and Triphosphates, Cyclic Nucleotides 505</p>
<p>13.3 Polynucleotides 506</p>
<p>13.4 DNA Structure 509</p>
<p>13.5 Denaturation 512</p>
<p>13.6 Nucleic Acids and Information Flow 514</p>
<p>13.7 DNA Replication 515</p>
<p>13.8 Transcription and RNA 517</p>
<p>13.9 Translation 520</p>
<p>13.10 Control of Gene Expression 522</p>
<p>13.11 Mutation 524</p>
<p>13.12 Recombinant DNA 525</p>
<p>13.13 DNA Fingerprinting 529</p>
<p>CHAPTER 14 METABOLISM 540</p>
<p>14.1 Metabolic Pathways, Energy, and Coupled Reactions 542</p>
<p>14.2 Overview of Metabolism 543</p>
<p>14.3 Digestion 548</p>
<p>14.4 Glycolysis 551</p>
<p>14.5 Gluconeogenesis 556</p>
<p>14.6 Glycogen Metabolism 558</p>
<p>14.7 Citric Acid Cycle 560</p>
<p>14.8 Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 562</p>
<p>14.9 Lipid Metabolism 566</p>
<p>14.10 Amino Acid Metabolism 571</p>
<p>Appendix A Important Families of Organic Compounds 582</p>
<p>Appendix B Naming Ions, Ionic Compounds, Binary Molecules, and Organic</p>
<p>Compounds 584</p>
<p>Appendix C Answers to Odd–Numbered Problems 591</p>
<p>Appendix D Glossary 639</p>
<p>Index I</p>
<p>1.1 The Scientific Method 2</p>
<p>1.2 Matter and Energy 5</p>
<p>1.3 Units of Measurement 9</p>
<p>1.4 Scientific Notation, SI and Metric Prefixes 13</p>
<p>1.5 Measurements and Significant Figures 15</p>
<p>1.6 Conversion Factors and the Factor Label Method 22</p>
<p>1.7 Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Heat 25</p>
<p>1.8 Measurements in General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry 29</p>
<p>CHAPTER 2 ATOMS AND</p>
<p>2.1 Atoms 44</p>
<p>2.2 Elements 46</p>
<p>2.3 Trace Elements 48</p>
<p>2.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number 51</p>
<p>2.5 Periodic Table 54</p>
<p>2.6 The Mole 59</p>
<p>2.7 The Arrangement of Electrons 62</p>
<p>2.8 Radioactive Isotopes 68</p>
<p>2.9 Radioisotopes in Medicine 71</p>
<p>CHAPTER 3 COMPOUNDS 88</p>
<p>3.1 Ions 90</p>
<p>3.2 The Octet Rule 93</p>
<p>3.3 Ionic Compounds 96</p>
<p>3.4 Covalent Bonds 101</p>
<p>3.5 Molecules 103</p>
<p>3.6 Formula Weight, Molecular Weight, and Molar Mass 105</p>
<p>CHAPTER 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 116</p>
<p>4.1 Structural Formulas 118</p>
<p>4.2 Polar Covalent Bonds, Shape, and Polarity 123</p>
<p>4.3 Noncovalent Interactions 130</p>
<p>4.4 Families of Organic Compounds 132</p>
<p>CHAPTER 5 REACTIONS 150</p>
<p>5.1 Chemical Equations 152</p>
<p>5.2 Reaction Types 156</p>
<p>5.3 Reactions Involving Water 158</p>
<p>5.4 Oxidation and Reduction 161</p>
<p>5.5 Mole and Mass Relationships in Reactions 167</p>
<p>5.6 Calculating the Yield of a Reaction 171</p>
<p>5.7 Free Energy and Reaction Rate 174</p>
<p>CHAPTER 6 GASES, SOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, AND SUSPENSIONS 190</p>
<p>6.1 Gases and Pressure 192</p>
<p>6.2 The Gas Laws 197</p>
<p>6.3 Partial Pressure 202</p>
<p>6.4 Solutions 204</p>
<p>6.5 Precipitation Reactions 207</p>
<p>6.6 Solubility of Gases in Water 209</p>
<p>6.7 Organic and Biochemical Compounds 212</p>
<p>6.8 Concentration 216</p>
<p>6.9 Dilution 221</p>
<p>6.10 Colloids and Suspensions 222</p>
<p>6.11 Diffusion and Osmosis 225</p>
<p>CHAPTER 7 ACIDS, BASES, AND EQUILIBRIUM 238</p>
<p>7.1 Acids and Bases 240</p>
<p>7.2 Brønsted Lowry Acids and Bases 241</p>
<p>7.3 Equilibrium 243</p>
<p>7.4 Le Châtelier s Principle 246</p>
<p>7.5 Ionization of Water 250</p>
<p>7.6 The pH Scale 251</p>
<p>7.7 Acid and Base Strength 254</p>
<p>7.8 Neutralizing Acids and Bases 257</p>
<p>7.9 Effect of pH on Acid and Conjugate Base Concentrations 259</p>
<p>7.10 Buffers 261</p>
<p>7.11 Maintaining the pH of Blood Serum 263</p>
<p>CHAPTER 8 ORGANIC REACTIONS 1 HYDROCARBONS, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AMINES, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 276</p>
<p>8.1 Alkanes 278</p>
<p>8.2 Constitutional Isomers 282</p>
<p>8.3 Conformations 284</p>
<p>8.4 Cycloalkanes 285</p>
<p>8.5 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds 287</p>
<p>8.6 Reactions of Hydrocarbons 291</p>
<p>8.7 Carboxylic Acids 297</p>
<p>8.8 Phenols 299</p>
<p>8.9 Carboxylic Acids and Phenols as Weak Organic Acids 301</p>
<p>8.10 Preparing Esters 304</p>
<p>8.11 Amines 307</p>
<p>8.12 Amines as Weak Organic Bases 311</p>
<p>8.13 Amides 313</p>
<p>ORGANIC REACTIONS 2 ALCOHOLS, ETHERS,ALDEHYDES, AND KETONES 334</p>
<p>9.1 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds 336</p>
<p>9.2 Preparation 339</p>
<p>9.3 Reactions 341</p>
<p>9.4 Aldehydes and Ketones 344</p>
<p>9.5 Oxidation of Aldehydes 347</p>
<p>9.6 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 349</p>
<p>9.7 Reactions of Alcohols with Aldehydes and Ketones 352</p>
<p>CHAPTER 10 CARBOHYDRATES 370</p>
<p>10.1 Monosaccharides 372</p>
<p>10.2 Stereoisomers 374</p>
<p>10.3 Important Monosaccharides and Monosaccharide Derivatives 381</p>
<p>10.4 Reactions of Monosaccharides 384</p>
<p>10.5 Monosaccharides in Their Cyclic Form 386</p>
<p>10.6 Oligosaccharides 390</p>
<p>10.7 Polysaccharides 401</p>
<p>CHAPTER 11 LIPIDS AND MEMBRANES 420</p>
<p>11.1 Fatty Acids 422</p>
<p>11.2 Waxes 427</p>
<p>11.3 Triglycerides 429</p>
<p>11.4 Phospholipids and Glycolipids 437</p>
<p>11.5 Steroids 441</p>
<p>11.6 Eicosanoids 445</p>
<p>11.7 Membranes 447</p>
<p>CHAPTER 12 PEPTIDES, PROTEINS, AND ENZYMES 458</p>
<p>12.1 Amino Acids 460</p>
<p>12.2 The Peptide Bond 464</p>
<p>12.3 Peptides, Proteins, and pH 468</p>
<p>12.4 Protein Structure 469</p>
<p>12.5 Denaturation 477</p>
<p>12.6 Enzymes 478</p>
<p>12.7 Control of Enzyme–Catalyzed Reactions 482</p>
<p>CHAPTER 13 NUCLEIC ACIDS 498</p>
<p>13.1 Nucleic Acid Building Blocks 500</p>
<p>13.2 Nucleoside Di– and Triphosphates, Cyclic Nucleotides 505</p>
<p>13.3 Polynucleotides 506</p>
<p>13.4 DNA Structure 509</p>
<p>13.5 Denaturation 512</p>
<p>13.6 Nucleic Acids and Information Flow 514</p>
<p>13.7 DNA Replication 515</p>
<p>13.8 Transcription and RNA 517</p>
<p>13.9 Translation 520</p>
<p>13.10 Control of Gene Expression 522</p>
<p>13.11 Mutation 524</p>
<p>13.12 Recombinant DNA 525</p>
<p>13.13 DNA Fingerprinting 529</p>
<p>CHAPTER 14 METABOLISM 540</p>
<p>14.1 Metabolic Pathways, Energy, and Coupled Reactions 542</p>
<p>14.2 Overview of Metabolism 543</p>
<p>14.3 Digestion 548</p>
<p>14.4 Glycolysis 551</p>
<p>14.5 Gluconeogenesis 556</p>
<p>14.6 Glycogen Metabolism 558</p>
<p>14.7 Citric Acid Cycle 560</p>
<p>14.8 Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation 562</p>
<p>14.9 Lipid Metabolism 566</p>
<p>14.10 Amino Acid Metabolism 571</p>
<p>Appendix A Important Families of Organic Compounds 582</p>
<p>Appendix B Naming Ions, Ionic Compounds, Binary Molecules, and Organic</p>
<p>Compounds 584</p>
<p>Appendix C Answers to Odd–Numbered Problems 591</p>
<p>Appendix D Glossary 639</p>
<p>Index I</p>