Introduction R. John Aitken; 1. Standard semen analysis: manual semen analysis Lars Björndahl; 2. Standard semen analysis: computer-assisted semen analysis Liana Maree; 3. Standard semen analysis: home sperm testing Manesh Panner Selvam Kumar, Christopher Douglas and Ashok Agarwal; 4. Standard semen analysis: leukocytospermia Renata Finelli and Ralf Henkel; 5. Standard semen analysis: morphology Roelof Menkveld; 6. Sperm vitality: eosin-nigrosin dye exclusion Rakesh Sharma and Ashok Agarwal; 7. Sperm vitality: hypo-osmotic swelling test Alexandre Rouen and Rajasingam S. Jeyendran; 8. Determination of mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry in human sperm cells Nicolas Germain, Nathalie Jouy, Carole Marchetti and Philippe Marchetti; 9. Capacitation and acrosome reaction: fluorescence techniques to determine acrosome reaction Raúl S. Sánchez Gutiérrez, Fabiola Zambrano and Pamela Uribe; 10. Capacitation and acrosome reaction: histochemical techniques to determine acrosome reaction Brett Nixon, Shenae Café, Elizabeth Bromfield, Geoffry De Iuliis and Matthew Dun; 11. Zona binding: competitive sperm-binding assay De Yi Liu, Ying Zhong and Zi-Na Wen; 12. Zona binding: hemizona assay Shubhadeep Roychoudhury and Daniel Franken; 13. Oolemma binding: sperm penetration assay Anup Shah and Kathleen Hwang; 14. Oxidative stress testing: direct tests Renata Finelli, Manesh Kumar, Panner Selvam and Ashok Agarwal; 15. Oxidative stress testing: indirect tests Rakesh Sharma, Kathy Robert and Ashok Agarwal; 16. Chromatin condensation: aniline blue stain Jesse JP, Vidhu Dhawan and Rima Dada; 17. Chromatin condensation: chromomycin A3 (CMA3) stain Sara Marchiani, Lara Tamburrino, Francesca Benini, Sandra Pellegrini and Elisabetta Baldi; 18. Sperm chromatin structure: Toluidine Blue Staining Mohammed Nasr-Esfahani and Marziyeh Tavalaee; 19. DNA damage: TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end-labelling (TUNEL) assay Rakesh Sharma, Concetta Iovine and Ashok Agarwal; 20. DNA damage: sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) Don Evenson; 21. DNA damage: COMET assay Luke Simon, Benjamin R. Emery and Douglas T. Carrell; 22. DNA damage: halo sperm test Jaime Gosálvez and José Luís Fernández; 23. DNA damage: fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) Sezgin Güneş; 24. Clinical value of sperm function tests Ahmad Majzoub; 25. Future developments: sperm proteomics Manesh Panner Selvam Kumar, Saradha Baskaran and Ashok Agarwal; 26. Conclusion Ahmad Majzoub, Ralf Henkel and Ashok Agarwal.
