Metropolitan Sustainability

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Part I: Metropolitan sustainability: an introduction</p> <p>Chapter 1: A living city: using urban metabolism analysis to view cities as life forms</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction: urban metabolism (UM), or urban energy systems</p> <p>1.2 Divergent measuring approaches in UM analysis</p> <p>1.3 UM studies</p> <p>1.4 Understanding cities through UM</p> <p>1.5 Directions for planning and policy</p> <p>1.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 2: Benefit cost analysis for environmental decision making: using discounting to compare benefits and costs that occur at different points in time</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 The rationale for discounting</p> <p>2.3 A framework for intertemporal discounting</p> <p>2.4 Discounting for climate change</p> <p>2.5 Enhancing and improving net present value</p> <p>2.6 Acknowledgement</p> <p>Chapter 3: Quantifying sustainability: industrial ecology, materials flow and life cycle analysis</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction to industrial ecology</p> <p>3.2 Materials flow analysis (MFA)</p> <p>3.3 Life cycle analysis (LCA)</p> <p>3.4 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 4: Separation of mixtures: fundamentals and technologies</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Characterization of separation processes</p> <p>4.3 Balance equations</p> <p>4.4 Preliminary separation process calculations</p> <p>4.5 Multi-stage separations</p> <p>4.6 Filtration</p> <p>4.7 Conclusions and sources of further information</p> <p>4.8 Acknowledgement</p> <p>4.10 Appendix: Algorithm for solving equations 4.4, 4.9 and 4.10</p> <p>Part II: Earth: urban land use and the environmental impact of the built environment</p> <p>Chapter 5: The urban heat island effect: causes and potential solutions</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Basic causes and remedies</p> <p>5.3 Solutions and benefit assessment</p> <p>5.4 The urban heat island mitigation impact screening tool (MIST)</p> <p>5.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 6: Redevelopment of brownfield sites</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Management practices aimed at remediating and redeveloping brownfields</p> <p>6.3 Sustainability outcomes of brownfield redevelopment</p> <p>6.4 Case studies</p> <p>6.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 7: Urban agriculture: opportunities and constraints</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Site availability for urban agriculture</p> <p>7.3 Crops and yields</p> <p>7.4 Food security</p> <p>7.5 Demands on and benefits for urban water infrastructure</p> <p>7.6 Benefits for urban energy infrastructure</p> <p>7.7 Waste and composting</p> <p>Chapter 8: Redevelopment of brownfield sitesBuilding-integrated agriculture: a new approach to food production</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Ecological performance of building-integrated agriculture (BIA)</p> <p>8.3 Community impact of BIA</p> <p>8.4 Other forms of urban agriculture</p> <p>8.5 Case studies</p> <p>8.6 Sustainability challenges and future trends</p> <p>8.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Part III: Wind: urban air pollution and emissions control</p> <p>Chapter 9: Metropolitan effects on atmospheric patterns: important scales</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over metropolitan areas</p> <p>9.3 Local-versus regional-scale effects of urbanization on atmospheric patterns</p> <p>9.4 Interplay between metropolitan and global climate effects</p> <p>9.5 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>9.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>9.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 10: The science of smog: a chemical understanding of ground level ozone and fine particulate matter</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Ground level ozone chemistry</p> <p>10.3 Fine particulate matter chemistry</p> <p>10.4 Challenges facing smog control</p> <p>10.5 Megacity smog: examples from Beijing and Mexico City</p> <p>10.6 Summary and future trends</p> <p>10.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 11: Air pollution in the urban atmosphere: sources and consequences</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Categories of pollutants</p> <p>11.3 Sources of air pollution</p> <p>11.4 Environmental and human health effects</p> <p>11.5 Future trends and sustainability challenges</p> <p>11.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 12: Controlling emissions of pollutants in urban areas</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Mobile sources of pollution</p> <p>12.3 Reducing pollution from mobile sources</p> <p>12.4 Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) from stationary sources and their control</p> <p>12.5 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction from stationary sources</p> <p>12.6 Sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) removal from coal-fired power plants</p> <p>12.7 Sustainability challenges and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 13: Passive systems to improve air quality and reduce heat retention in the urban environment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Photocatalytic materials</p> <p>13.3 Current research into TiO2-based building materials</p> <p>13.4 Urban vegetation</p> <p>13.5 Sustainability challenges and future trends</p> <p>13.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Part IV: Water: urban water resources, reuse and managemen</p> <p>Chapter 14: Integrated urban water management: water use and reuse</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Alternative urban water sources and water quality considerations</p> <p>14.3 Treatment and infrastructure considerations for harvested rainwater and stormwater runoff</p> <p>14.4 Treatment and infrastructure considerations for water reuse</p> <p>14.5 Sustainability challenges</p> <p>14.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 15: Rainwater harvesting: using urban roof runoff for residential toilet flushing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Analysis of roof runoff harvesting systems for flushing toilets in different cities</p> <p>15.3 Results of the analysis</p> <p>15.4 Discussion of factors influencing rainwater harvesting system performance</p> <p>15.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 16: Urban water supply: modeling watersheds and treatment facilities</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Systems analysis of urban water infrastructure</p> <p>16.3 Prospects for future urban water supply</p> <p>16.4 Energy use in the water industry</p> <p>Chapter 17: Water and wastewater treatment: chemical processes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Chemical treatment of water and wastewater</p> <p>17.3 Considerations in plant design</p> <p>17.4 Challenges and future trends</p> <p>17.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 18: Water and wastewater treatment: biological processes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Biological treatment options for wastewater</p> <p>18.3 Biological treatment options for water</p> <p>18.4 Issues with environmental residuals</p> <p>18.5 Sustainability challenges and future trends</p> <p>Part V: Fire: urban energy supply and management</p> <p>Chapter 19: Solar energy in the built environment: powering the sustainable city</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction: the potential of solar energy</p> <p>19.2 Solar energy in metropolitan areas</p> <p>19.3 Solar energy on the building scale</p> <p>19.4 Photovoltaic solar systems</p> <p>19.5 Solar thermal systems</p> <p>19.6 Biological solar systems</p> <p>19.7 Incentives for solar energy projects</p> <p>Chapter 20: Wind energy in the built environment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Wind energy basics</p> <p>20.3 Wind flow in metropolitan areas</p> <p>20.4 Wind power technologies</p> <p>20.4.1 Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs)</p> <p>20.4.2 Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)</p> <p>20.4.3 Building-integrated wind turbines</p> <p>20.4.4 Large horizontal axis wind turbines</p> <p>20.4.5 State of the market for small urban wind turbines</p> <p>20.4.6 Rooftop wind turbine performance</p> <p>20.5 Important considerations for urban wind energy</p> <p>20.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>20.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 21: The role of waste-to-energy in urban infrastructure</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>21.1 Introduction</p> <p>21.2 Characterization of urban wastes</p> <p>21.3 Hierarchy of waste management</p> <p>21.4 Effect of global waste management on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions</p> <p>21.5 Thermal treatment of post-recycling municipal solid wastes (MSW)</p> <p>21.6 Economic aspects of urban waste management</p> <p>21.7 Examples of cities approaching sustainable waste management</p> <p>Chapter 22: Smart energy for cities: decentralized supply resources and their link to the modern grid</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>22.1 An introduction to decentralized energy</p> <p>22.2 Costs and benefits of decentralized energy supply systems</p> <p>22.3 Decentralized technologies for supplying power and thermal energy</p> <p>22.4 A smarter electric grid</p> <p>22.5 An alternative view for our future urban energy system</p> <p>22.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>22.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 23: Bioenergy for the urban environment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>23.1 Introduction</p> <p>23.2 Conversion technologies: biomass to heat, power and transportation fuels</p> <p>23.3 Tools for modelling biomass availability</p> <p>23.4 Ensuring bioenergy sustainability</p> <p>23.5 Future trends</p> <p>23.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part VI: Sustainable urban development, transport and planning</p> <p>Chapter 24: Planning for more sustainable urban development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>24.1 Introduction</p> <p>24.2 The nature of urban planning</p> <p>24.3 Key aspects of urban sustainability planning</p> <p>24.4 The challenge of public participation</p> <p>24.5 Future trends</p> <p>24.6 Conclusions</p> <p>24.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 25: Sustainable urban transport planning</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>25.1 Sustainable urban mobility and land use</p> <p>25.2 Transport choices in urban areas</p> <p>25.3 From car ownership to mobility services: new approaches in transportation</p> <p>25.4 Smart growth: linking land use planning and mobility</p> <p>25.5 Recommendations for urban transportation</p> <p>Chapter 26: The psychological needs of city dwellers: implications for sustainable urban planning</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>26.1 Introduction</p> <p>26.2 Individual differences in city dwellers’ needs</p> <p>26.3 The need for quiet, unpolluted, natural and aesthetically pleasing areas</p> <p>26.4 The need for security</p> <p>26.5 The need for social interaction</p> <p>26.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 27: Possible futures for sustainable building design</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>27.1 Introduction</p> <p>27.2 Reconsidering building systems relationships to facilitate sustainable building design</p> <p>27.3 Three approaches to sustainable design and corresponding case studies</p> <p>27.4 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 28: Moving toward urban sustainability: using lessons and legacies of the past</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>28.1 Introduction</p> <p>28.2 Crisis, transition and transformation in urban development</p> <p>28.3 Environmental crises and transitions in New York City</p> <p>28.4 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 29: A vision of suburban sustainability: the Long Island Radically Rezoned project</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>29.1 Introduction</p> <p>29.2 The inherent efficiency of cities</p> <p>29.3 The new model of sustainability</p> <p>29.4 Case study: Long Island Radically Rezoned – a regenerative vision for a living island</p> <p>Index</p>