List of contributors; Foreword Sir Robert May; Part I. Setting the Scene: 1. Exploitation as a conservation issue Georgina M. Mace and John D. Reynolds; 2. Can we exploit sustainably? Donald Ludwig; Part II. Population-Based Approaches: 3. The gospel of maximum sustainable yield in fisheries management: birth, crucifixion and reincarnation André E. Punt and Anthony D. M. Smith; 4. Sustainable exploitation of fluctuating populations Russell Lande, Bernt-Erik Sæther and Steinar Engen; 5. The exploitation of spatially structured populations E. J. Milner-Gulland; 6. The conservation of exploited species in an uncertain world: novel methods and the failure of traditional techniques Paul R. Wade; Part III. Taxonomic Comparisons: 7. Life histories of fishes and population responses to exploitation John D. Reynolds, Simon Jennings and Nicholas K. Dulvy; 8. Mammalian life histories and responses of populations to exploitation Andy Purvis; 9. Trade of live wild birds: potentials, principles, and practices of sustainable use Steven R. Beissinger; 10. Game vertebrate extraction in African and Neotropical forests: an intercontinental comparison John E. Fa and Carlos A. Peres; 11. Lessons from the plant kingdom for conservation of exploited species Charles M. Peters; Part IV. From Individuals to Communities: 12. The role of behaviour in studying sustainable exploitation William J. Sutherland and Jennifer A. Gill; 13. The Allee effect: a barrier to recovery by exploited species Christopher W. Petersen and Don R. Levitan; 14. Life histories and sustainable harvesting Hanna Kokko, Jan Lindström and Esa Ranta; 15. Phenotypic and genetic changes due to selective exploitation Richard Law; 16. An ecosystem perspective on conserving targeted and non-targeted species Michel J. Kaiser and Simon Jennings; 17. The half-empty forest: sustainable use and the ecology of interactions Kent H. Redford and Peter Feinsinger; Part V. Conservation Meets Sustainable Use: 18. Sustainable use and pest control in conservation: kangaroos as a case study Gordon C. Grigg and Anthony R. Pople; 19. Conservation and resource use in arctic ecosytems Anne Gunn; 20. Conservation out of exploitation: a silk purse from a sow's ear? Jon Hutton and Barney Dickson; 21. Getting the biology right in a political sort of way Steven Sanderson; Part VI. Final Thoughts: 22. Using 'sustainable use' approaches to conserve exploited populations John G. Robinson; Index.