List of contributors; Preface; 1. Evolutionary reconstructions of great ape intelligence Anne E. Russon; 2. Enhanced cognitive capacity as a contingent fact of hominid phylogeny David R. Begun; Part I. Cognition in Living Great Apes: Introduction Anne E. Russon: 3. The manual skills and cognition that lie behind hominid tool use Richard W. Byrne; 4. The cognitive complexity of social organisation and socialisation in wild baboons and chimpanzees: guided participation, socialising interactions and event representation Sue Taylor Parker; 5. Gestural communication in the great apes Joanna Blake; 6. Great ape cognitive systems Anne E. Russon; Part II. Modern Great Ape Adaptation: Introduction Anne E. Russon: 7. What's in a brain? The question of a distinctive brain anatomy in great apes Carol E. MacLeod; 8. Life histories and the evolution of large brain size in great apes Caroline Ross; 9. Evolution of complex feeding techniques in primates: is this the origin of great ape intelligence? Gen Yamakoshi; 10. The special demands of great ape locomotion and posture Kevin D. Hunt; 11. Great ape social systems Carel P. van Schaik, Signe Preuschoft and David P. Watts; 12. Diet and foraging of the great apes: ecological constraints on their social organisations and implications for their divergence Juichi Yamagiwa; Part III. Fossil Great Ape Adaptations: Introduction David R. Begun: 13. Paleoenvironments and the evolution of adaptability in great apes Richard Potts; 14. Cranial evidence and the evolution of intelligence in fossil apes David R. Begun and László Kordos; 15. Life history and cognitive evolution in the apes Jay Kelley; 16. Fossil hominoid diets, extractive foraging and the origins of great ape intelligence Michelle Singleton; 17. Paleontology, terrestriality and the intelligence of great apes Daniel L. Gebo; 18. Body size and intelligence in hominoid evolution Carol V. Ward, Mark Flinn and David R. Begun; Part IV. Integration: 19. Evolutionary origins of great ape intelligence: an integrated view Anne E. Russon and David R. Begun; Author index; Species index; Subject index.