PART I: ANATOMY<br>Section 1: Oral Cavity<br>4 Teeth<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>14 Dental Restorations<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>20 Maxilla<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>28 Mandible<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>34 Tongue<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>38 Retromolar Trigone<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>42 Sublingual Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>46 Submandibular Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>50 Oral Mucosal Space/Surface<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br><br>Section 2: Nose and Sinuses<br>54 Sinonasal Overview<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>70 Ostiomeatal Complex<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR<br>74 Pterygopalatine Fossa<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR<br><br>Section 3: Temporal Bone<br>80 TMJ<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>88 External, Middle, and Inner Ear<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br><br>Section 4: Base of Skull<br>96 Skull Base Overview<br>Philip R. Chapman, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>102 Anterior Skull Base<br>H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>108 Central Skull Base<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>114 Posterior Skull Base<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>124 Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br><br>Section 5: Cranial Nerves<br>130 Cranial Nerves Overview<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Philip R. Chapman, MD<br>136 Cranial Nerve V<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>150 Cranial Nerve VII<br>H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>160 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)<br>H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>166 CNX (Vagus Nerve)<br>Aparna Singhal, MD, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>172 CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)<br>Aparna Singhal, MD, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 6: Cervical Spine<br>180 Craniocervical Junction<br>H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 7: Suprahyoid Neck<br>192 Suprahyoid Neck Overview<br>H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>198 Parapharyngeal Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>202 Nasopharynx and Oropharynx<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>210 Masticator Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>216 Parotid Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>224 Carotid Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>230 Retropharyngeal Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>234 Perivertebral Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Aparna Singhal, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>238 Lymph Nodes<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>242 External and Internal Carotid Arteries<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>PART II: IMAGING APPLICATIONS IN ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL REGION<br>Section 1: Imaging Applications<br>250 Artificial Intelligence in Imaging Anatomy<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA<br>256 Introduction to Ultrasound Imaging<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, and Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc<br>264 CBCT Applications in Implant Placement<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Douglas L. Chenin, DDS<br>270 CBCT Applications in Endodontics<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>276 CBCT Applications in Orthodontics<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>284 CBCT Analysis of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Risk Factors<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD<br><br>PART III: DIAGNOSES<br>Section 1: Radiologic Patterns of Jaw Pathology<br>296 Radiologic Patterns of Jaw Pathology<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br><br>Section 2: Teeth<br>DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS IN SIZE AND SHAPE OF TEETH<br>306 Hypodontia<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS<br>308 Hyperdontia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>310 Macrodontia, Gemination, and Fusion<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>312 Microdontia<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>313 Concrescence<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>314 Talon Cusp<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>315 Dens Invaginatus<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>316 Enamel Pearls<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>317 Taurodontism<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>318 Dilaceration<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>319 Supernumerary Roots<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS IN STRUCTURE OF TEETH<br>320 Amelogenesis Imperfecta<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>324 Dentinogenesis Imperfecta<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS<br>326 Dentin Dysplasia<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>327 Regional Odontodysplasia<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS<br>ACQUIRED ALTERATIONS OF TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES<br>328 Attrition<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>330 Abrasion<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>331 Abfraction<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>332 Erosion<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>333 Turner Dysplasia<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>334 Internal and External Resorption<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>340 Hypercementosis<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>TRAUMA<br>341 Concussion<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>342 Luxation<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>346 Dentoalveolar Fractures<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>INFECTION/INFLAMMATION<br>352 Dental Caries<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>356 Periapical Rarefying Osteitis<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>360 Periapical Sclerosing Osteitis<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>362 Periodontal Disease<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>368 Gubernaculum Dentis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 3: Oral Cavity<br>CONGENITAL/GENETIC<br>372 Submandibular Space Accessory Salivary Tissue<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD<br>374 Lingual Thyroid<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD<br>376 Oral Cavity Dermoid and Epidermoid<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD<br>380 Submandibular Gland Aplasia-Hypoplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>382 Foregut Duplication Cyst in Tongue<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>INFECTION<br>384 Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR<br>INFLAMMATION<br>388 Ranula<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR<br>392 Submandibular Gland Sialadenitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR<br>394 Oral Cavity Sialocele<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR<br>396 Submandibular Gland Mucocele<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN<br>398 Sublingual Gland Benign Mixed Tumor<br>Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>400 Submandibular Gland Benign Mixed Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>402 Palate Benign Mixed Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT<br>404 Oral Cavity Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>406 Sublingual Gland Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>408 Submandibular Gland Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>410 Submandibular Space Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>412 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>416 Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>418 Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>420 Retromolar Trigone Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>422 Submandibular Space Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>424 Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>426 Hard Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC<br>428 Hypoglossal Nerve Motor Denervation<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR<br>430 Submandibular Sialoliths<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 4: Mandible and Maxilla <br>NORMAL VARIANTS<br>434 Buccal and Palatal Exostoses<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>436 Mandibular Torus<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>438 Palatal Torus<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>440 Accessory Mandibular Canal<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>442 Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne)<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>446 Mandible-Maxilla Idiopathic Osteosclerosis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>CONGENITAL/GENETIC<br>448 Cleft Lip and Palate<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Roya Sohaey, MD<br>452 Cherubism<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Bernadette L. Koch, MD<br>454 Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>456 Cleidocranial Dysplasia<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>458 Pierre Robin Sequence<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB<br>460 Treacher Collins Syndrome<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>462 Craniosynostoses (Crouzon)<br>Kevin R. Moore, MD, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>464 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Kara G. Gill, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>466 Mucopolysaccharidosis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bernadette L. Koch, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>467 CHARGE Syndrome<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, William T. O'Brien, Sr., DO, FAOCR, and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB<br>TRAUMA<br>468 Mandible Fracture<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>472 Nasoorbitalethmoid Fracture<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>474 Complex Midfacial Fracture<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>476 Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Blair A. Winegar, MD<br>478 Transfacial Fractures (Le Fort)<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Christian Davidson, MD, and Kathryn E. Dean, MD<br>INFECTION/INFLAMMATION<br>482 Mandible-Maxilla Osteomyelitis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>486 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>490 Mandible-Maxilla Osteoradionecrosis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>494 Mandible-Maxilla Osteonecrosis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>CYSTS, ODONTOGENIC<br>498 Dentigerous Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>502 Odontogenic Keratocyst<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>506 Lateral Periodontal Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>508 Residual Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>510 Buccal Bifurcation Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>514 Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>CYSTS, NONODONTOGENIC<br>516 Mandible-Maxilla Aneurysmal Bone Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>520 Nasopalatine Duct Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>524 Nasolabial Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD<br>526 Mandible-Maxilla Simple (Traumatic) Bone Cyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS<br>530 Periapical Cementoosseous Dysplasia<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>534 Florid Cementoosseous Dysplasia<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>538 Cementoossifying Fibroma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>542 Mandible-Maxilla Fibrous Dysplasia<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>548 Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>METABOLIC/SYSTEMIC<br>550 Paget Disease<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN, ODONTOGENIC<br>554 Odontoma<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>558 Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>560 Ameloblastoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>564 Ameloblastic Fibroma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>568 Ameloblastic Fibroodontoma<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>570 Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>572 Cementoblastoma<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS,<br>MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>574 Odontogenic Myxoma<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS,<br>MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>576 Central Odontogenic Fibroma<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN, NONODONTOGENIC<br>578 Central (Intraosseous) Hemangioma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>580 Osteoid Osteoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>582 Osteoblastoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>584 Mandible-Maxilla Osteoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>586 Nerve Sheath Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>590 Neurofibromatosis Type 1<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>594 Desmoplastic Fibroma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT, ODONTOGENIC<br>596 Malignant Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT, NONODONTOGENIC<br>598 Mandible-Maxilla Metastasis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>604 Mandible-Maxilla Osteosarcoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>608 Mandible-Maxilla Chondrosarcoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>612 Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>614 Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>616 Burkitt Lymphoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>620 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space<br>Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR<br>624 Multiple Myeloma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>628 Ewing Sarcoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>630 Leukemia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS<br>632 Mandible-Maxilla Central Giant Cell Granuloma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC<br>636 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS<br>640 Bell Palsy<br>Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>641 Hemifacial Spasm<br>Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>642 Trigeminal Neuralgia<br>Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>AUTOIMMUNE<br>644 Systemic Sclerosis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 5: Temporomandibular Joint<br>CONGENITAL DISORDERS<br>648 Condylar Aplasia<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>650 Hemifacial Microsomia<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>DEVELOPMENTAL ACQUIRED DISORDERS<br>654 Condylar Hypoplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>658 Condylar Hyperplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br>664 Coronoid Hyperplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glas)<br>668 Hemimandibular Elongation<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>672 Fibrous Ankylosis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>674 Bony Ankylosis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>TRAUMA<br>676 TMJ Fractures<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br>682 TMJ Dislocation<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>684 Bifid Condyle<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>688 TMJ Osteochondritis Dissecans<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>INFLAMMATION<br>690 TMJ Rheumatoid Arthritis<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>696 TMJ Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>702 Septic Arthritis<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>706 TMJ Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis<br>Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br>DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS<br>708 Degenerative Joint Disease<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>712 Idiopathic Condylar Resorption<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>718 TMJ Synovial Cyst<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD<br>720 TMJ Ganglion Cyst<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>DISC DERANGEMENT DISORDERS<br>722 Disc Displacement With Reduction<br>Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS<br>728 Disc Displacement Without Reduction<br>Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS<br>734 Adhesions<br>David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN<br>736 TMJ Osteoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>738 TMJ Osteochondroma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS<br>744 TMJ Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD<br>748 TMJ Primary Synovial Chondromatosis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT<br>752 TMJ Osteosarcoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD<br>754 TMJ Chondrosarcoma<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>758 TMJ Metastasis<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>760 TMJ Simple (Traumatic) Bone Cyst<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>762 TMJ, Aneurysmal Bone Cyst<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc<br><br>Section 6: Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Cavity<br>NORMAL VARIANTS<br>768 Deviated Nasal Septum<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>770 Concha Bullosa<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>772 Accessory Ostia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>DEVELOPMENTAL<br>774 Hypoplasia/Aplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>INFLAMMATION<br>778 Mucus Retention Pseudocyst<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>780 Sinonasal Mucocele<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD<br>784 Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener)<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD<br>788 Sinonasal Polyposis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>792 Acute Rhinosinusitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>796 Chronic Rhinosinusitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD<br>800 Odontogenic Sinusitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>802 Allergic Fungal Sinusitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>804 Invasive Fungal Sinusitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD<br>808 Sinus Mycetoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Aparna Singhal, MD<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN<br>810 Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH<br>814 Sinonasal Osteoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT<br>818 Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH<br>822 Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C), and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>824 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Aparna Singhal, MD, and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD<br>828 Sinonasal Melanoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH<br>FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS<br>830 Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>834 Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C), and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br><br>Section 7: Masticator Space<br>INFECTION<br>840 Masticator Space Abscess<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>DEGENERATIVE<br>844 Masticator Muscle Atrophy<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN<br>848 Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT<br>850 Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>854 Masticator Space Sarcoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>858 Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC<br>862 Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR<br><br>Section 8: Parotid Space<br>INFLAMMATION<br>866 Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts-HIV<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Philip R. Chapman, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>870 Parotid Sialadenitis<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>NEOPLASM, BENIGN<br>872 Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>876 Warthin Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD<br>880 Parotid Schwannoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Hilda E. Stambuk, MD<br>NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT<br>882 Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>884 Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>888 Parotid Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Barton F. Branstetter, IV, MD, FACR<br>890 Parotid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>894 Metastatic Disease of Parotid Nodes<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>AUTOIMMUNE<br>898 Parotid Sjögren Syndrome<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>902 Invasive Pseudotumor (IgG4-Related Disease)<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC<br>904 Parotid Sialoliths<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 9: Cervical Spine<br>DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS<br>908 C2-C3 Fusion<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>910 Klippel-Feil Spectrum<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>912 C1 Assimilation<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>914 Ponticulus Posticus<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>916 Ossiculum Terminale<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>918 Split Atlas<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>920 Os Odontoideum<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Kevin R. Moore, MD, and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD<br>924 Os Avis (Fused to Clivus)<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>926 Odontoid Hypoplasia/Aplasia<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>928 Failure of Formation<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>932 Failure of Segmentation<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD<br>DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS<br>936 Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ<br>Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD<br>940 Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD<br>944 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD<br>948 Cervical Facet Arthropathy<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD<br>TUMOR AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS<br>952 Hemangioma, Cervical Spine<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA<br>956 Lytic and Blastic Metastases<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA<br>FIBROOSSEOUS<br>960 Fibrous Dysplasia, Cervical Spine<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Julia R. Crim, MD<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>962 Tumoral Calcinosis<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Lubdha M. Shah, MD<br><br>PART IV: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES<br>Section 1: Teeth<br>ALTERATIONS IN TOOTH NUMBER<br>966 Extra Teeth<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>968 Missing Teeth<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>ALTERATIONS IN TOOTH MORPHOLOGY/SHAPE<br>970 Crown Changes<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>972 Root Changes<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 2: Mandible and Maxilla<br>ALTERATIONS IN SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OF TEETH<br>978 Periapical Radiolucencies<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>982 Periapical Radiopacities and Mixed Lesions<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>984 Floating Teeth<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>986 Widened Periodontal Ligament Space<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>988 Lamina Dura Changes<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>RADIOLUCENCIES<br>992 Well-Defined Unilocular Radiolucencies<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>996 Pericoronal Radiolucencies Without Radiopacities<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>998 Pericoronal Radiolucencies With Radiopacities<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br>1000 Multilocular Radiolucencies<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>1004 Ill-Defined Radiolucencies<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>1010 Generalized Rarefaction<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>RADIOPACITIES<br>1014 Well-Defined Radiopacities<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br>1018 Ground-Glass and Granular Radiopacities<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>1024 Generalized Radiopacities<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>PERIOSTEAL REACTIONS<br>1028 Periosteal Reactions<br>Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br><br>Section 3: Oral Cavity<br>ANATOMICALLY BASED LESIONS<br>1036 Submandibular Space Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bernadette L. Koch, MD<br>1042 Parotid Space Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD<br>1048 Sublingual Space Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>1052 Oral Mucosal Space/Surface Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS<br>1056 Root-of-Tongue Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bernadette L. Koch, MD, and Jolanta M. Dennis, MD<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>1060 Soft Tissue Calcifications<br>Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 4: Temporomandibular Joint<br>CHANGES IN CONDYLAR SIZE AND FUNCTION<br>1066 Small Condyle<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>1072 Large Condyle<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>1076 Limited Condylar Translation<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>MASS LESIONS<br>1080 TMJ Radiolucencies<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)<br>1082 TMJ Radiopacities<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>1086 TMJ Articular Loose Bodies<br>Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg)<br><br>Section 5: Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Cavity<br>NASAL LESIONS<br>1090 Nasal Septal Perforation<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Luke N. Ledbetter, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>1092 Nasal Lesions Without Bone Destruction<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Michelle A. Michel, MD, and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD<br>1096 Nasal Lesions With Bone Destruction<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>1100 Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>SINUS LESIONS<br>1102 Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bone Destruction<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)<br>1106 Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bone Destruction<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Daniel E. Meltzer, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD<br>MISCELLANEOUS<br>1110 Displaced Dental Structures Into Antrum<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS<br><br>Section 6: Cervical Spine<br>1114 Odontoid Deformity<br>Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Julia R. Crim, MD