SECTION 1: KIDNEY<br>Introduction and Overview<br>1. Introduction to Renal Cell Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>10 Classification of Kidney Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Familial Cancer Syndromes<br>12 von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>16 Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>20 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Victor E. Reuter, MD, and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>24 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>28 Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Syndrome<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>32 Hereditary Papillary Renal Cancer and Miscellaneous Other Familial Cancer Syndromes<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Nonneoplastic Lesions<br>38 Renal Tuberculosis, Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis, Renal Malakoplakia<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Renal Cell Tumors, Benign<br>44 Papillary Adenoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>48 Renal Oncocytoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>54 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>64 Multilocular Cystic Renal Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>68 Clear Cell Renal Cancers With Fibromyomatous Stroma, Including ELOC (Formerly TCEB1) Mutated Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Judy Sarungbam, MD, Satish K. Tickoo, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>74 Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Tumor<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>82 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>92 Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>100 Collecting Duct Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>106 SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma and SMARCB1-Deficient Medullary-Like Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>112 TFE3- and TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinomas<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>120 Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Yingbei Chen, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>126 Tubulocystic Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>130 Thyroid-Like Follicular Carcinoma of Kidney<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>134 Acquired Cystic Disease-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>140 Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>144 ALK Rearrangement-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>148 Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma<br>Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>150 Other Eosinophilic/Oncocytic Tumors, Including ESC, EVT, and LOT<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>154 Subsequent 2nd Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>158 Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Metanephric Tumors<br>162 Metanephric Adenoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>168 Metanephric Tumors Other Than Metanephric Adenoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Nephroblastic Tumors<br>172 Nephrogenic Rests<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>176 Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>186 Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Mesenchymal Tumors<br>188 Angiomyolipoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>194 Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma/Epithelioid PEComa<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>200 Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>204 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>208 Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Mixed Mesenchymal and Epithelial Tumors<br>212 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor (MEST) Family Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>220 Pediatric Cystic Nephroma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>224 Synovial Sarcoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Neuroendocrine Tumors<br>228 Renal Neuroendocrine Tumor/Carcinoid Tumor and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>232 Renal Ewing Sarcoma<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Hematopoietic Tumors<br>236 Hematopoietic Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Metastatic and Other Tumors<br>242 Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (Reninoma)<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>246 Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Tumor<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>250 Other Rare Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>258 Metastatic Tumors<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br>Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Kidney<br>262 Immunohistochemistry, Kidney<br>Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD<br><br>SECTION 2 Introduction and Overview<br>270 Classification of Bladder Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Microscopic Anatomy<br>272 Microscopic Anatomy of Urinary Bladder<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>276 Microscopic Anatomy of Urethra<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>280 Microscopic Anatomy of Ureter<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>282 Microscopic Anatomy of Renal Pelvis<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Nonneoplastic Lesions of Urinary Tract<br>286 Overview of Cystitis<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>292 Polypoid Cystitis<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>300 Malakoplakia<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>306 Schistosomiasis<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>308 von Brunn Nests<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>314 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia)<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>322 Fibroepithelial Polyp<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>326 Prostatic-Type Polyp (Ectopic Prostate)<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>330 Amyloidosis<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>332 Müllerian Lesions<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>336 Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>344 Hamartoma<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Urothelial Neoplasms, General<br>346 Overview of Urinary Bladder Neoplasms<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>Flat Urothelial Lesions<br>350 Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>358 Flat Urothelial Lesions Other Than Carcinoma In Situ<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>UROTHELIAL NEOPLASMS, NONINVASIVE<br>362 Atypical Urothelial Proliferations, Flat and Tented Type (Formerly Flat and Papillary Hyperplasia)<br>Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>364 Urothelial Papilloma<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>370 Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>374 Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>378 High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>384 Inverted Urothelial Neoplasia<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Urothelial Neoplasms, Invasive<br>394 Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>404 Urothelial Carcinoma, Subtypes and Divergent Differentiation<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Glandular Lesions<br>426 Cystitis Cystica et Glandularis<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>430 Villous Adenoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>432 Invasive Adenocarcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>438 Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>Squamous Lesions<br>444 Squamous Proliferations Other Than Carcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>448 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>Mesenchymal Lesions<br>454 Myofibroblastic Proliferations<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>462 Smooth Muscle Tumors<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>470 Rhabdomyosarcoma<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>476 Other Mesenchymal Tumors<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Other Tumors of Urinary Bladder<br>484 Paraganglioma<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>492 Metastatic/Secondary Involvement of Bladder<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>Diverticula of Urinary Tract<br>500 Diverticula<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>504 Diverticular-Associated Neoplasia<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>URETHRA<br>508 Inflammatory Lesions of Urethra<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>512 Carcinoma of Urethra<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>516 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Urethra<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>URETER<br>520 Urothelial Carcinoma of Ureter<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>524 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Ureter<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>RENAL PELVIS<br>530 Urothelial Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD<br>540 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Renal elvis<br>Urachs<br>546 Urachal Remnants<br>Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD<br>548 Tumors of Urachus<br>Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Urinary Bladder<br>554 Immunohistochemistry, Urinary Tract<br>SECTION 3: PROSTATE GLAND AND SEMINAL VESICLE<br>Introduction and Overview<br>562 Classification of Prostate Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions<br>Gladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT<br>564 General Concepts, Prostate<br>570 Microanatomy and Zonal Variations<br>580 Imaging Considerations for Pathologists<br>NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS<br>584 Prostatitis<br>588 Prostate Hyperplasia<br>596 Adenosis<br>Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD<br>600 Atrophy and Its Patterns<br>606 Hyperplasia of Mesonephric Remnants<br>610 Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia<br>Gladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT and Deepika Sirohi, MD<br>612 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia) of Prostatic Urethra<br>PUTATIVE PREMALIGNANT LESIONS AND LESIONS FALLING SHORT OF MALIGNANT DIAGNOSIS<br>620 Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia<br>Prostate Neoplasms<br>630 General Concepts, Prostate Carcinoma<br>638 Acinar Adenocarcinoma<br>656 Acinar Adenocarcinoma Subtypes and Patterns<br>668 Atypical Small Acinar Proliferations<br>674 Intraductal Proliferations and Ductal Carcinoma<br>682 Ductal Adenocarcinoma<br>690 Urothelial Carcinoma Involving Prostate Gland<br>696 Prostate Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation<br>704 Adenoid Cystic (Basal Cell) Carcinoma of Prostate<br>710 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Prostate<br>716 Carcinomas With Squamous Differentiation<br>722 Cystic Epithelial Tumors of Prostate<br>724 Stromal Tumors<br>732 Mesenchymal Tumors of Prostate<br>740 Melanocytic Lesions of Prostate<br>744 Hematopoietic Neoplasms of Prostate<br>748 Secondary Tumors of Prostate<br>Tumors of Seminal Vesicle<br>752 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor<br>756 Seminal Vesicle Adenocarcinoma<br>Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions Involving Prostate Gland<br>758 Immunohistochemistry, Prostate<br>SECTION 4: TESTIS AND PARATESTICULAR STRUCTURES<br>766 Classification of Testis and Paratestis Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD<br>768 Cryptorchidism<br>772 Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD<br>776 Nontuberculous Infections<br>778 Nonspecific Granulomatous Orchitis<br>780 Tuberculous Epididymo-Orchitis<br>Germ Cell Tumors<br>782 General Concepts, Germ Cell Tumors<br>Germ Cell Tumors Related to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ<br>790 Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ<br>796 Seminoma<br>804 Intratubular Seminoma<br>806 Intratubular Embryonal Carcinoma<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD<br>808 Embryonal Carcinoma<br>814 Yolk Sac Tumor<br>822 Choriocarcinoma and Other Trophoblastic Tumors<br>828 Postpubertal-Type Teratoma<br>832 Mixed Germ Cell Tumors<br>836 Somatic-Type Malignancy in Germ Cell Tumor<br>838 Burnt-Out (Regressed) Germ Cell Tumor<br>Germ Cell Tumors Unrelated to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ<br>840 Spermatocytic Tumor<br>844 Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor, General Concepts<br>846 Prepubertal-Type Teratoma<br>850 Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type<br>854 Mixed Teratoma and Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type<br>Muhammad T. Idrees, MD<br>856 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (Monodermal Teratoma)<br>Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal Tumors<br>860 General Concepts, Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal Tumors<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD<br>868 Leydig Cell Tumors<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD<br>872 Sertoli Cell Tumors<br>878 Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor<br>882 Intratubular Large Cell Hyalinizing Sertoli Cell Tumor<br>Mukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD<br>884 Granulosa Cell Tumor<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD<br>888 Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor<br>892 Fibroma-Thecoma<br>Mukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD<br>894 Myoid Gonadal Stromal Tumor<br>896 Signet-Ring Stromal Tumors<br>898 Testicular Tumor of Adrenogenital Syndrome<br>902 Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, Mixed/Unclassified<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and<br>906 Gonadoblastoma<br>Hematopoietic Tumors<br>910 Lymphoma/Leukemia/Plasmacytoma<br>Tumors Of Paratesticular Structures<br>916 Adenomatoid Tumor<br>Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD<br>920 Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor<br>922 Malignant Mesothelioma<br>926 Adenocarcinoma of Rete Testis/Epididymis<br>928 Epididymal Tumors<br>930 Ovarian Epithelial-Type Tumors<br>934 Liposarcoma<br>940 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor<br>944 Rhabdomyosarcoma<br>950 Other Sarcomas<br>Metastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular Structures<br>954 Metastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular Structures<br>Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Testis and Paratesticular Structures<br>958 Immunohistochemistry, Testis<br>SECTION 5: PENIS AND SCROTUM<br>Frequent Lesions of Uncertain Relationship to Penile Neoplasia<br>968 Condyloma<br>María José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD<br>972 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus<br>Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>974 Squamous Hyperplasia<br>Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>978 Lipogranuloma<br>Elsa F. Velazquez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>980 Scrotal Calcinosis<br>Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia<br>982 Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia<br>Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>Primary Epithelial Tumors<br>988 General Concepts, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Including Staging and Molecular Pathology)<br>Antonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Elsa F. Velazquez, MD<br>1002 Overview of HPV- and Non-HPV-Related Tumors<br>María José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Subtypes<br>1006 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Usual Type<br>Antonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD<br>1010 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1014 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Subtype<br>Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>1016 Warty (Condylomatous) Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1020 Warty-Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1022 Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1026 Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified<br>1030 Pseudoglandular Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1032 Pseudohyperplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1034 Cuniculatum Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1038 Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1042 Mixed Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br>1046 Undifferentiated to Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas With Prominent Inflammatory Infiltrate<br>1048 Clear Cell Carcinoma<br>Other Neoplastic Conditions<br>1050 Extramammary Paget Disease<br>1054 Kaposi Sarcoma<br>Elsa F. Velazquez, MD, Jesse K. McKenney, MD, and<br>Antonio L. Cubilla, MD<br>1056 Myointimoma<br>Mahul B. Amin, MD and Jatin S. Gandhi, MD<br>Metastatic Tumors<br>1058 Metastatic Tumors, Penis<br>Immunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Penis<br>1060 Immunohistochemistry, Penis