<p>CHAPTER 1</p> <p>INTRODUCTION TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Chemical Nature of Hormones </p> <p>Transport of Hormones in the Circulation </p> <p>Cellular Responses to Hormones </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 2</p> <p>ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 27</p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors </p> <p>Gastrin and the Regulation of Gastric Function </p> <p>Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gallbladder </p> <p>Insulinotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Peptides (Incretin Action) </p> <p>Enterotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Hormones </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 3</p> <p>ENERGY METABOLISM </p> <p>Key Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Overview of Energy Metabolism </p> <p>General Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism </p> <p>Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis </p> <p>Metabolic Homeostasis: The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways </p> <p>Liver </p> <p>Skeletal Muscle </p> <p>Adipose Tissue-Derived Hormones and Adipokines </p> <p>Appetite Control and Obesity </p> <p>Diabetes Mellitus </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 4</p> <p>CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology </p> <p>Physiologic Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D </p> <p>Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca2þ and Pi Levels </p> <p>Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 5</p> <p>HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY COMPLEX. </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Embryology and Anatomy </p> <p>Neurohypophysis </p> <p>Adenohypophysis </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 6</p> <p>THE THYROID GLAND </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland </p> <p>Production of Thyroid Hormones </p> <p>Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>CHAPTER 7</p> <p>THE ADRENAL GLAND </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Anatomy </p> <p>Adrenal Medulla </p> <p>Adrenal Cortex </p> <p>Zona Glomerulosa </p> <p>Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts 176.e1</p> <p>CHAPTER 8</p> <p>LIFE CYCLE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>General Components of a Reproductive System </p> <p>Overview of Meiosis </p> <p>Basic Anatomy of the Reproductive Systems </p> <p>Sexual Development in Utero </p> <p>Puberty </p> <p>Menopause and Andropause </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts 193.e1</p> <p>CHAPTER 9</p> <p>THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Histophysiology of the Testis </p> <p>Transport, Actions, and Metabolism of Androgens </p> <p>Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis </p> <p>Male Reproductive Tract </p> <p>Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts 213.e1</p> <p>CHAPTER 10</p> <p>THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary </p> <p>Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle </p> <p>The Human Menstrual Cycle </p> <p>Female Reproductive Tract </p> <p>Biology of Estradiol and Progesterone </p> <p>Ovarian Pathophysiology </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts 238.e1</p> <p>CHAPTER 11</p> <p>FERTILIZATION, PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION </p> <p>Objectives </p> <p>Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation, and Placentation </p> <p>Placental Transport </p> <p>The Fetal Endocrine System </p> <p>Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy </p> <p>Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy </p> <p>Parturition </p> <p>Mammogenesis and Lactation </p> <p>Contraception </p> <p>In Vitro Fertilization </p> <p>Summary </p> <p>Self-study Problems </p> <p>Keywords and Concepts </p> <p>APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY PROBLEMS</p> <p>. </p> <p>APPENDIX B: COMPREHENSIVE</p> <p>MULTIPLE-CHOICE EXAMINATION </p> <p>APPENDIX C: HORMONE RANGES </p> <p>APPENDIX D: ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS </p> <p>INDEX </p>
