1. Introduction to rivers of South America<br>Manuel A.S. Grac¸a, Edgardo M. Latrubesse, Marcos Callisto, Franco Teixeira de Mello, and Douglas Rodrı´guez-Olarte<br>2. Rivers of the Caribbean<br>Samuel E. Segnini-Flores, Douglas Rodrı´guez-Olarte, Jose E. Rinco´ n, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, and Sara R. Lo´ pez-Rodrı´guez<br>3. Magdalena<br>Jose Iva´n Mojica, Edith Gonza´lez-Afanador, Jhon Donato-Rondo´ n, and Gabriel Hernando Guillot-Monroy<br>4. Orinoco<br>Douglas Rodrı´guez-Olarte, Judith Rosales, Jesu´ s Manuel Va´squez-Ramos, Hernando Ramı´rez-Gil, Crı´spulo J. Marrero, and Carlos DoNascimiento<br>5. Rivers of the North Atlantic<br>Jan H.A. Mol, Raphael Covain, and Philip W. Willink<br>6. Amazonas<br>Naziano Filizola, Rogerio Marinho, Carlos Freitas, Camila Ribas, Jansen Zuanon, Philip Fearnside, and Patricia Moreira-Turcq<br>7. Amazonian Rivers from the Guiana Shield<br>Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Pia Parolin, Aline Lopes, Florian Wittmann, Wolfgang J. Junk, Amanda Mortati, Thiago Andre, and Jochen Schongart<br>8. Rivers from the Western Amazon<br>Natalia C. Piland, Claire F. Beveridge, Joa˜o V. Campos-Silva, Carlos Can˜ as, Sandra B. Correa, Thiago B.A. Couto, Andrea C. Encalada, Daniel Escobar-Camacho, Silvia Lo´ pez-Casas, Benjamin Webb, and Elizabeth P. Anderson<br>9. Madeira<br>Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Do´ ria,<br>Jorge Molina-Carpio, Gislene Torrente-Vilara, Aline Andriolo, Maria Madalena de Aguiar Cavalcante, Carmen Gracı´a-Da´ vila, Herna´n Ortega, and Paul Andre van Damme<br>10. Amazonian Rivers from the Brazilian Shield: Xingu and Tapajo´ s<br>Luciano F.A. Montag, Leandro M. Sousa, Andre L. Netto-Ferreira, Andre O. Sawakuchi, Gustavo Hallwass, Renato A.M. Silvano, Jose Max B. Oliveira-Junior, and Tiago M.S. Freitas<br>11. Tocantins and Araguaia<br>Fernando M. Pelicice, Hasley R. Pereira, Priscilla Carvalho, Davi B. das Chagas, and Dilermando P. Lima-Junior<br>12. Rivers of the North East<br>Jose Etham de Lucena Barbosa, Juliana dos Santos Severiano, Silvia Yasmin Lustosa Costa, Bianca<br>de Freitas Terra, Elvio Sergio Figueredo Medeiros, and Rosemberg F. Menezes<br>13. Sa˜o Francisco<br>Paulo S. Pompeu, Diego R. Macedo, Carlos B.M. Alves, and Lafayette D. da Luz<br>14. Rivers of the Central Atlantic<br>Francisco A.R. Barbosa, Diego G.F. Pujoni, Carlos E. Rezende, Alisson F. Barbieri, and Francisco Ricardo de Andrade Neto<br>15. Uruguay<br>Franco Teixeira de Mello, Christine Lucas, Hugo Inda, Mariana Rı´os, and Iva´n Gonza´ lez-Bergonzoni<br>16. Parana´<br>Pablo A. Scarabotti, Isabel T. Leli, Luis O. Lucifora, Edgardo M. Latrubesse, Cla´udia C. Bonecker, and Mercedes R. Marchese<br>17. Paraguay<br>Karl M. Wantzen, Yzel Rondon Su´ arez, Julio C.J. Solo´ rzano, Fernando R. Carvalho, Lucia A.F. Mateus, Marı´a Fa´tima Mereles Haydar, Pierre Girard, and Jerry Magno F. Penha<br>18. Rivers draining the Southern Gran Chaco<br>Hugo R. Ferna´ndez, Luis A. Ferna´ndez, Mario A. Caria, Yzel Rondon Su´ arez, Jerry Magno F. Penha, and<br>Eduardo Domı´nguez<br>19. Pampean rivers<br>Alberto Rodrigues Capı´tulo, Nestor A. Gabellone, Adonis Giorgi, Leandro Rodrigues Capı´tulo, and<br>Nora Go´ mez<br>20. Colorado River system<br>Pablo A. Macchi, Patricia Peralta, Marisa Cogliati, Nerina Canale, Heber Sosa, Ricardo Go´ mez, and<br>Yeny Labaut<br>21. Southern Atlantic rivers<br>Miguel A. Pascual, Juana Aigo, Natalia L. Pessacg, Boris G. Diaz, Pedro Tiberi, and M. Laura Miserendino<br>22. Rivers flowing to the Southern Pacific<br>Jorge Nimptsch, Pablo Fierro, Konrad Go´ rski, Nicole Colin, and Jorge Leo´ n Mun˜ oz<br>23. Rivers of the Central Pacific<br>Irma Vila, Pablo Rojas, Herna´n Ortega, Marı´a C. Sabando, Rodrigo Pardo, Cristina Dorador, and Francisco Meza<br>24. Rivers of the northern Pacific<br>Blanca Rı´os-Touma, Magnolia Longo, Christian Villamarı´n, Yesid Carvajal-Escobar, Jaime Cantera-Kintz, Daniela Rosero-Lo´ pez, Pedro Jimenez-Prado, and Jose Iva´n Mojica<br>25. An agenda for conservation of South American rivers<br>Manuel A.S. Grac¸a, Karl M. Wantzen, Franco Teixeira de Mello, Marcos Callisto, and Douglas Rodrıguez-Olarte