Conceptual Breakthroughs in The Evolutionary Biology of Aging

1. Natural Selection is the Ultimate Determinant of Aging<br>2. Basic Mathematics of Selection with Age-Structure and Matching Lab Data<br>3. First Explanation of Aging by Age-Specific Patterns of Selection<br>4. First Proposal of the General Idea of Declining Force of Natural Selection<br>5. Hypotheses for the Evolutionary Genetics of Aging<br>6. Absence of a Lansing effect in Inbred Drosophila<br>7. Presence of Aging in a Fish with Continued Adult Growth<br>8. Mathematical Derivation of the Forces of Natural Selection<br>9. Falsification of the Somatic Mutation Theory<br>10. Falsification of the Translation Error Catastrophe Theory<br>11. Proposal of Experimental Designs to Test Evolutionary Theories of Aging<br>12. Accidental Evolutionary Postponement of Aging<br>13. Experimental Evolution of Accelerated Aging in Tribolium<br>14. Development of Evolutionary Genetics in Age-Structured Populations<br>15. Application of Charlesworth’s Theory to the Evolution of Aging<br>16. Full Development of Evolutionary Genetic Theory for Aging<br>17. Quantitative Genetics tests of Hypotheses for the Evolution of Aging<br>18. Reproducible Mitigation of Aging by Postponing the Decline in Forces of Natural Selection<br>19. Discovery and Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants with Extended Lifespan<br>20. Further Mathematical Characterization of Evolution with Antagonistic Pleiotropy<br>21. Genetic Covariation is Shifted to Positive Values by Inbreeding<br>22. Additional Experiments Supporting Antagonistic Pleiotropy<br>23. Direct Demonstration of Non-Aging in Fissile Species<br>24. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Shown for Aging<br>25. Evolutionary Physiology of Aging<br>26. Accelerated Senescence Explained in terms of Inbreeding Depression<br>27. Reverse Evolution of Aging<br>28. Genetic Analysis of Aging in Males<br>29. Quantitative Genetic Analysis of How Many Genes Determine Aging<br>30. Evidence for Senescence in the Wild<br>31. Molecular Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the Evolution of Aging<br>32. The Evolutionary Logic of Extending Lifespan by Dietary Restriction<br>33. Selection for Stress Resistance Increases Lifespan<br>34. In Late Adult Life, Mortality Rates Stop Increasing<br>35. Evolution of Increased Longevity Among Mammals in the Wild and the Lab<br>36. Evolutionary Physiology of Dietary Restriction<br>37. Genetic Association between Dauer Metabolic Arrest and Increased Lifespan<br>38. Experimental Evolution of Aging is Connected to Development<br>39. Evidence for Mutation Accumulation affecting Virility Aging<br>40. Deep Physiological Research into the Evolution of Aging Supports Organismal Mechanisms<br>41. Late-life Mortality Plateaus Explained using Evolutionary Theory<br>42. Falsification of Lifelong Heterogeneity Models for the Cessation of Aging<br>43. Discovery of Drosophila Mutants Sometimes Increasing Longevity<br>44. Nematode Longevity Mutants show Antagonistic Pleiotropy<br>45. Experimental Evolution of Life-History fits the Evolutionary Analysis of Late Life<br>46. Breakdown in Correlations between Stress Resistance and Aging<br>47. Alternative Indicators for the Forces of Natural Selection Proposed<br>48. Development of Demographic Models that Separate Aging from Dying<br>49. Genome-wide Sequencing of Experimentally Evolved Aging Reveals Many Genetic Sites<br>50. Studying the Evolutionary Origins of Aging in Bacteria<br>51. Evolutionary Transcriptomics also reveal Complex Physiology of Aging<br>52. Late Life is Physiologically Different from Aging<br>53. Genomic Studies of Centenarians Having Low Scientific Power<br>54. Evolutionary Genetic Effects Produce Two Evolutionary Biologies of Aging<br>55. Experimental Evolution can Produce Non-Aging Young Adults<br>56. The Heart is Implicated in the Evolution of Aging<br>57. Machine Learning Unpacks the Genomics of the Evolution of Aging