The Human Hypothalamus

1. Introduction: The middle and posterior hypothalamus <br>SECTION 6  Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus more than a neuroendocrine system<br>2. Vasopressin and oxytocin beyond the pituitary in the human brain<br>3. Central and peripheral release of oxytocin: Relevance of neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter actions for physiology and behavior <br>4. Organization of the neuroendocrine and autonomic hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus <br>5. Sex differences of oxytocin and vasopressin in social behaviors <br>6. Oxytocin, eating behavior, and metabolism in humans <br>7. The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in healthy aging and neurodegeneration<br>8. Perinatal stress and epigenetics <br>9. The hypothalamus in anxiety disorders <br>10. Congenital isolated central hypothyroidism: Novel mutations and their functional implications <br>SECTION 7  Zona incerta<br>11. The zona incerta system: Involvement in attention and movement<br>SECTION 8  Ventromedial nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus<br>12. The role of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus in regulating behaviorally coupled and resting autonomic drive <br>SECTION 9  Circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus<br>13. The subfornical organ and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis: Critical roles in cardiovascular regulation and the control of fluid balance <br>14. Lamina terminalis fenestration: An important neurosurgical corridor <br>15. Arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and hypophysial pars tuberalis<br>16. Tanycytes in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence and their role in the blood–brain barrier <br>17. The human hypothalamic kisspeptin system: Functional neuroanatomy and clinical perspectives <br>18. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B expression in the human hypothalamus: Relation to reproduction and gender identity <br>19. The infundibular peptidergic neurons and glia cells in overeating, obesity, and diabetes<br>20. Hypothalamus and weight loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis <br>SECTION 10  Lateral tuberal nucleus<br>SECTION 11  Lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical area<br>21. The orexin/hypocretin system in neuropsychiatric disorders: Relation to signs and symptoms <br>22. Pleasure, addiction, and hypocretin (orexin) <br>SECTION 12  Tuberomamillary complex<br>23. Histamine receptors, agonists, and antagonists in health and disease <br>24. The tuberomamillary nucleus in neuropsychiatric disorders<br>SECTION 13  Subthalamic nucleus<br>25. Imaging of the human subthalamic nucleus <br>26. Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation <br>27. The subthalamic nucleus and the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease <br>SECTION 14   Corpora mamillaria, fornix, and mamillothalamic tract<br>28. Electrical stimulation of the fornix for the treatment of brain diseases <br>29. The contribution of mamillary body damage to Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome