Principles of Bone Biology

Part I Basic Principles<br>A. Cell Biology<br>1: Structure, Modeling and Remodeling of Bone / The Size and Shape of Bone as a Site of Metabolic Bone Activity<br>2: Biomechanics of Bone<br>3: Embryonic Development of Bone and the Molecular Regulation of Intramembranous and Endochondral Bone Formation<br>4: Mesenchymal Stem Cells & Osteoblast Lineage<br>5: Transcriptional Control of Osteoblast Differentiation and Function<br>6: Wnt Signaling and Bone<br>7: Sclerostin and Bone<br>8: The Osteocyte<br>9: Cells of Bone: Osteoplast Generation<br>10: Osteoclast Function: Biology and Mechanisms<br>11: RANK Signaling<br>12: Regulating Bone Resorption<br>13: Apoptosis in Bone Cells<br>14: Skeletal Gene Expression in Nuclear Microenvironments<br><br>B. Biochemistry<br>15: Type I Collagen: Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation<br>16: Collagen Crosslinking & Metabolism<br>17: Bone Matrix Proteoglycans & Glycoproteins<br>18: Osteopontin<br>19: Bone Proteinases<br>20: Integrins and Other Cell Surface Attachment Molecules of Bone Cells<br>21: Intercellular Junctions and Cell-Cell Communication in the Skeletal System<br><br>C. Bone Remodeling and Mineral Homeostasis<br>22: Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Remodeling<br>23: Phosphorus Homeostasis & Related Disorders<br>24: Magnesium Homeostasis<br>25: Metals in Bone: Aluminum, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Silicon, & Stro<br>26: Biology of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor <br><br>D. The Hormones of Bone<br>27: Receptors for Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTH-Related Protein<br>28: Parathyroid Hormone - Molecular Biology<br>29: Parathyroid Hormone-Receptor Interactions<br>30: Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on the Vasculature and Cardiovascular System<br>31: The Vascular and Cardiovascular Actions of PTH<br>32: PTH and PTHrP Actions on Kidney and Bone<br>33: Physiological Actions of Parathyroid Hormone and PTH-Related Protein<br>34: Vascular, Cardiovascular and Neurological Actions of Parathyroid-Related Protein<br>35: Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR) and Plasma Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) Structures and Ligand Shape Preferences for Genomic and Rapid Biological Responses<br>36: Vitamin D Gene Regulation<br>37: Photobiology and Non-Calcemic Actions of Vitamin D<br>38: Calcitonin Structure and Molecular Biology of the Calcitonin Receptor / Calcitonin Gene Family and Receptors: Structure, Molecular Biology, and Effects<br>39: Amylin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide<br><br>E. Other Systemic Hormones That Influence Bone Metabolism<br>40: Estrogens & Progestins<br>41: The Pharmacology of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators<br>42: Mechanisms of Estrogen Action in Bone<br>43: Thyroid Hormone & Bone<br>44: Clinical and Basic Aspects of Glucocorticoid Action in Bone<br>45: Effects of Diabetetes & Insulin on Bone Physiology<br>46: Androgens:Receptor Expression and Steroid Action in Bone<br>47: Kinins & Neuro-Osteogenic Factors<br>48: Regulation of Bone Remodeling by Central and Peripheral Nervous Signals<br>Patricia Ducy<br><br>F. Local Regulators<br>49: Insulin-like Growth Factors and the IGF Binding Proteins: Implications for Bone Biology<br>50: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor & the Skeleton<br>51: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and FGF Receptor Families in Bone<br>52: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Osteogenic-Angiogenic Coupling<br>53: Transforming Growth Factor-â<br>54: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the Skeleton<br>55: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors & Actions<br>56: Colony-Stimulating Factor-1<br>57: Local Regulators of Bone: IL-1, TNF, Lymphotoxin, Interferon-?, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, the LIF/IL-6 Family, and Additional Cytokines<br>58: Prostaglandins & Bone Metabolism<br>Carol Pilbeam<br><br>Part II Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Bone Disease<br>59: Skeletal Effects of Nitric Oxide: Novel Agent for Osteoporosis<br>60: Molecular Basis of PTH Overexpression<br>61: Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Primary Hyperparathyroidism<br>62: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I<br>63: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Other Systemic Factors in Skeletal Manifestations of Malignancy<br>64: Local Factors in Skeletal Malignancy<br>65: Genetic Regulation of the Parathyroid Gland Development<br>66: Jansen's Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia & Blomstrand's Lethal Chondrodysplasia: Two Genetic Disorders Caused by PTH/PTHrP Receptor Mutations<br>67: Diseases Resulting from Defects in the G Protein Gs<br>68: Renal Osteodystrophy – Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options<br>69: Osteogenesis Imperfecta<br>70: Hereditary Deficiencies in Vitamin D Action<br>71: Oncogenic Osteomalacia<br>72: Osteopetrosis<br>73: Hypophosphatasia: Nature's Window on Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Humans<br>74: Paget's Disease of Bone<br>75: Genetic Determinants of Bone Mass and Osteoporotic Fracture<br>76: Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis<br>77: Evaluation of Risk for Osteoporosis Fracture<br><br>Part III Pharmacological Mechanisms of Therapeutics<br>78: Parathyroid Hormone<br>79: Calcium<br>80: Drugs Acting on the Calcium Receptor Calcimimetics and Calcilytics<br>81: Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of Action<br>82: The Pharmacology of Estrogens in Osteoporosis<br>83: Vitamin D & Analogs<br>84: Estrogen Effects on Bone in the Male Skeleton<br>85: Mechanisms of Exercise Effects on Bone Quantity and Quality<br><br>Part IV Methods in Bone Research<br>86: Application of Transgenic Mice to Problems of Skeletal Bone<br>87: Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism<br>88: Methods and Clinical Issues in Bone Densitometry<br>89: Controversial Issues in Bone Densitometry<br>90: Macro and Micro Imaging of Bone Architecture