Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Part I: Fundamentals of radioactive materials separations processes: chemistry, engineering and safeguards</p> <p>Chapter 1: Chemistry of radioactive materials in the nuclear fuel cycle</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Chemical features of important fission products and actinides</p> <p>1.3 Relevant actinide chemistry in the nuclear fuel cycle</p> <p>1.4 Essential features of solvent extraction separations in the nuclear fuel cycle</p> <p>1.5 Behavior in molten salts/molten metals/ionic liquids/alternative media</p> <p>1.6 Interactions at interfaces significant to the nuclear fuel cycle</p> <p>1.7 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 2: Physical and chemical properties of actinides in nuclear fuel reprocessing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Thermodynamic properties of compounds</p> <p>2.3 Speciation, complexation and reactivity in solution of actinides</p> <p>2.4 Irradiation effects</p> <p>2.5 Future trends</p> <p>2.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 3: Chemical engineering for advanced aqueous radioactive materials separations</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Containment concepts</p> <p>3.3 Separations equipment</p> <p>3.4 Equipment materials considerations</p> <p>3.5 Future trends</p> <p>3.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 4: Spectroscopic on-line monitoring for process control and safeguarding of radiochemical streams in nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Static spectroscopic measurements</p> <p>4.3 Demonstration of spectroscopic methods</p> <p>4.4 Conclusions</p> <p>4.5 Acknowledgments</p> <p>4.7 Appendix: acronyms</p> <p>Chapter 5: Safeguards technology for radioactive materials processing and nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Requirements</p> <p>5.3 Safeguards technology</p> <p>5.4 Safeguards applications for aqueous separations</p> <p>5.5 Safeguards applications for pyrochemical separations</p> <p>5.6 Acknowledgement</p> <p>Part II: Separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment</p> <p>Chapter 6: Standard and advanced separation: PUREX processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Process chemistry</p> <p>6.3 Current industrial application of PUREX</p> <p>6.4 Future industrial uses of PUREX</p> <p>6.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 7: Alternative separation and extraction: UREX+ processes for actinide and targeted fission product recovery</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Separation strategy</p> <p>7.3 UREX + LWR SNF GNEP application: separation strategy</p> <p>7.4 Benefits of using models to design flowsheets</p> <p>7.5 Advantages and disadvantages of techniques</p> <p>7.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 8: Advanced reprocessing for fission product separation and extraction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Separation methods, advantages/disadvantages, and future trends</p> <p>8.3 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 9: Combined processes for high level radioactive waste separations: UNEX and other extraction processes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction to universal extraction process (UNEX) and other processes</p> <p>9.2 Universal processes for recovery of long-lived radionuclides</p> <p>9.3 Development and testing of the universal extraction (UNEX) process and its modifications</p> <p>9.4 Conclusions</p> <p>Part III: Emerging and innovative techniques in nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment</p> <p>Chapter 10: Nuclear engineering for pyrochemical treatment of spent nuclear fuels</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Process chemistry and flowsheet of pyrochemical processing</p> <p>10.3 Design and installation of process equipment</p> <p>10.4 Materials behaviour and interactions</p> <p>10.5 Developments in monitoring and control for pyrochemical processing</p> <p>10.6 Techniques for safe and effective interoperation of equipment</p> <p>10.7 Future trends</p> <p>10.8 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 11: Development of highly selective compounds for solvent extraction processes: partitioning and transmutation of long-lived radionuclides from spent nuclear fuels</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Which long-lived radionuclides to partition and why?</p> <p>11.3 How to develop selective ligands and extractants?</p> <p>11.4 Examples of development of highly selective compounds in European partitioning and transmutation (P&T) strategy</p> <p>11.5 Future trends</p> <p>11.6 Conclusions</p> <p>11.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>11.8 Acknowledgment</p> <p>Chapter 12: Developments in the partitioning and transmutation of radioactive waste</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction to transmutation</p> <p>12.2 Modelling transmutation processes and effects</p> <p>12.3 Systems for transmutation: design and safety</p> <p>12.4 Transmutation fuel development</p> <p>12.5 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 13: Solid-phase extraction technology for actinide and lanthanide separations in nuclear fuel reprocessing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Basic methodology of solid-phase extraction</p> <p>13.3 Solid-phase extraction sorbents for actinides and lanthnides</p> <p>13.4 Modeling of solid-phase extraction systems</p> <p>13.5 Advantages and disadvantages of solid-phase extraction in treatment processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing streams</p> <p>13.6 Future trends in solid-phase extraction technology for nuclear fuel reprocessing applications</p> <p>13.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>13.8 Acknowledgment</p> <p>Chapter 14: Emerging separation techniques: supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Supercritical fluid extraction of lanthanides and actinides</p> <p>14.3 Direct dissolution of uranium oxides in supercritical carbon dioxide</p> <p>14.4 Current industrial demonstrations of supercritical fluid extraction technology for nuclear waste treatment and for reprocessing spent fuel</p> <p>14.5 Ionic liquid and supercritical fluid coupled extraction of lanthanides and actinides</p> <p>14.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 15: Development of biological treatment processes for the separation and recovery of radioactive wastes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Classification of waste</p> <p>15.3 Waste from high temperature fast reactors</p> <p>15.4 Treatment options</p> <p>15.5 Biological removal of metal oxyions</p> <p>15.6 Biosorption and recovery</p> <p>15.7 Biofilm processes</p> <p>15.8 Future trends</p> <p>15.11 Engineering dimensions (units)</p> <p>Index</p>