Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Part I: Determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>Chapter 1: Sampling strategies to control mycotoxins</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Food safety and the requirements for international food trade</p> <p>1.2 Principles of food and feed sampling for mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>1.3 International guidance on sampling food and feed for mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>1.4 Uncertainty estimation and designing sound sampling plans for mycotoxin analysis in food and feed</p> <p>1.5 Quality assurance and quality control procedures in sampling and arrival of the samples at the analytical laboratory</p> <p>1.6 Strengthening national food control systems</p> <p>Chapter 2: Sample preparation and clean up in mycotoxin analysis: principles, applications and recent developments</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Methods used for extraction and clean up of mycotoxins from complex matrices</p> <p>2.3 Recent developments</p> <p>2.4 Conclusions</p> <p>2.5 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 3: Chromatographic separation techniques for determination of mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Thin-layer chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed</p> <p>3.3 Gas chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed</p> <p>3.4 High-performance liquid chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed</p> <p>3.5 Electrophoretic separations in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed</p> <p>3.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 4: Mass spectrometry in multi-mycotoxin and fungal spore analysis</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods in multi-mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>4.3 Liquid chromatographic aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods</p> <p>4.4 Mass spectrometric aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods</p> <p>4.5 LC–MS aspects of multi-mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>4.6 Future trends in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis</p> <p>4.7 Conclusions</p> <p>4.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 5: Immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Antibody production and characterization</p> <p>5.3 Specificity of immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed</p> <p>5.4 Microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed</p> <p>5.5 Non-instrumental rapid tests for mycotoxin detection in food and feed</p> <p>5.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Part II: Quality assurance and official methods for determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>Chapter 6: Official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Official control laboratories for determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>6.3 Establishment of method performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>6.4 Official methods for determining mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>6.5 Literature publications of mycotoxin validation studies</p> <p>6.6 Enforcement of mycotoxin regulations</p> <p>6.7 Confirmation of results</p> <p>6.8 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 7: Ensuring the quality of results from food control laboratories: laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction: why accreditation can be important for laboratories</p> <p>7.2 Laboratory accreditation and ISO 17025</p> <p>7.3 Statistical method validation approach for ensuring the quality of results from food control laboratories</p> <p>7.4 Comparison of a routine method with a reference method for validating the results from food and feed control laboratories</p> <p>7.5 Measurement uncertainty in the results from food and feed control laboratories</p> <p>7.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Part III: Development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins</p> <p>Chapter 8: Developing biomarkers of human exposure to mycotoxins</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction to biomarkers of exposure</p> <p>8.2 Biomarkers of exposure for aflatoxin</p> <p>8.3 Biomarkers of exposure for fumonisin</p> <p>8.4 Biomarkers of exposure for deoxynivalenol</p> <p>8.5 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 9: Developing mechanism-based and exposure biomarkers for mycotoxins in animals</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Background</p> <p>9.2 Aflatoxin B1</p> <p>9.3 Deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes</p> <p>9.4 Fumonisin</p> <p>9.5 Ochratoxin A</p> <p>9.6 Zearalenone</p> <p>9.7 Future trends</p> <p>9.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part IV: Determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed</p> <p>Chapter 10: Rationale for a polyphasic approach in the identification of mycotoxigenic fungi</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Mycotoxigenic fungi</p> <p>10.3 Identification methods</p> <p>10.4 Molecular methods for identification</p> <p>10.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 11: Molecular identification of mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and quantification using conserved genes</p> <p>11.3 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using anonymous DNA sequences</p> <p>11.4 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using mycotoxin biosynthesis pathway genes</p> <p>11.5 Multistep strategies</p> <p>11.6 Multiplex detection</p> <p>11.7 Polymerase chain reaction-based methods</p> <p>11.8 Novel technologies</p> <p>11.9 Conclusion and future prospects</p> <p>Chapter 12: Identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Genetic basis for secondary metabolite biosynthesis</p> <p>12.3 Gene and gene cluster identification: pre-genomics</p> <p>12.4 Gene and gene cluster identification: early-genomics</p> <p>12.5 Gene and gene cluster identification: post-genome genomics</p> <p>12.6 Future trends</p> <p>12.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 13: DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi: a perspective</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 DNA barcode: a new opportunity to discriminate fungi species</p> <p>13.2 Future trends in DNA barcoding of fungi</p> <p>13.3 Sources of further information and advice about the DNA barcode</p> <p>Part V: Emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis in food and feed</p> <p>Chapter 14: Emerging bio-sensing methods for mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Biosensors as diagnostics tools in mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>14.3 Lab-on-a-chip for multiplex detection</p> <p>14.4 Nanomaterials and their use in biosensors for mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>14.5 Electronic nose method for mycotoxin analysis</p> <p>14.6 Future trends</p> <p>14.7 Conclusions</p> <p>14.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 15: Masked mycotoxins in food and feed: challenges and analytical approaches</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Occurrence of masked mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>15.3 Analysis of masked mycotoxins in food and feed</p> <p>15.4 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 16: Spectroscopic techniques for fungi and mycotoxins detection</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Spectroscopic techniques</p> <p>16.3 Applications</p> <p>16.4 Summary</p> <p>Index</p>