Advances in Biorefineries

<ul> <li>Contributor contact details</li> <li>Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy</li> <li>Foreword</li> <li>Preface</li> <li>Part I: Development and optimisation of biorefining processes <ul> <li>1. Green chemistry, biorefineries and second generation strategies for re-use of waste: an overview <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>1.1 Introduction</li> <li>1.2 Introduction to biorefineries</li> <li>1.3 New renewable feedstocks</li> <li>1.4 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>1.5 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>1.6 References</li></ul></li> <li>2. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) of advanced biochemical and thermochemical biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>2.1 Introduction</li> <li>2.2 Biorefinery economic assessment</li> <li>2.3 Trade of biomass and subsidies</li> <li>2.4 Market establishment: national/regional facilities</li> <li>2.5 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>2.6 References</li></ul></li> <li>3. Environmental and sustainability assessment of biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>3.1 Introduction</li> <li>3.2 Methodological foundations of environmental and sustainability assessment of technologies</li> <li>3.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) for biorefineries</li> <li>3.4 Sustainability issues: synopsis of results from assessment of economic and social aspects</li> <li>3.5 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>3.6 References</li></ul></li> <li>4. Biorefinery plant design, engineering and process optimisation <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>4.1 Introduction</li> <li>4.2 Microalgae biomass for biorefinery systems</li> <li>4.3 Planning, design and development of biorefinery systems</li> <li>4.4 Case study: a second generation lignocellulosic biorefinery (Inbicon® Biorefinery)</li> <li>4.5 Upgrading biorefinery operations</li> <li>4.6 Optimising biorefinery processes using process analysis</li> <li>4.7 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>4.8 References</li></ul></li> <li>5. Current and emerging separations technologies in biorefining <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>5.1 Introduction</li> <li>5.2 Separations technologies</li> <li>5.3 Removal of impurities from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate liquor for production of cellulosic sugars</li> <li>5.4 Glycerin desalting as a value added co-product from biodiesel production</li> <li>5.5 Succinic acid production</li> <li>5.6 Solvent extraction: the example of recovery of value added proteins from distiller’s grains and solubles (DGS)</li> <li>5.7 Biofuels recovery by solvent extraction in an ionic liquid assisted membrane contactor</li> <li>5.8 Emerging trends in separations technology for advanced biofuels</li> <li>5.9 Performance indices</li> <li>5.10 Conclusion</li> <li>5.11 Acknowledgements</li> <li>5.12 References</li></ul></li> <li>6. Catalytic processes and catalyst development in biorefining <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>6.1 Introduction</li> <li>6.2 Catalysts for depolymerization of biomass</li> <li>6.3 Catalysts for biomass products upgrading</li> <li>6.4 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>6.5 References</li></ul></li> <li>7. Enzymatic processes and enzyme development in biorefining <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>7.1 Introduction</li> <li>7.2 Biochemical conversion</li> <li>7.3 Development of enzyme technology and techniques</li> <li>7.4 Optimizing enzymes</li> <li>7.5 Benchmarking enzymes and enzymatic conversion processes</li> <li>7.6 Advantages and limitations of techniques</li> <li>7.7 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>7.8 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>7.9 References</li></ul></li> <li>8. Biomass pretreatment for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>8.1 Introduction</li> <li>8.2 Process configurations for biofuel production</li> <li>8.3 Models for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)</li> <li>8.4 Microorganisms, enzyme systems, and bioenergetics of CBP</li> <li>8.5 Organism development</li> <li>8.6 Conclusion</li> <li>8.7 References</li></ul></li> <li>9. Developments in bioethanol fuel-focused biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>9.1 Introduction</li> <li>9.2 Ethanol biorefineries</li> <li>9.3 The lignocellulose to ethanol process</li> <li>9.4 Design options for biorefining processes</li> <li>9.5 Process intensification: increasing the dry-matter content</li> <li>9.6 Different types of ethanol biorefineries</li> <li>9.7 Future trends</li> <li>9.8 Conclusion</li> <li>9.9 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>9.10 References</li></ul></li> <li>10. Developments in cereal-based biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>10.1 Introduction</li> <li>10.2 Wheat-based biorefineries</li> <li>10.3 Fuel ethanol production from wheat</li> <li>10.4 Succinic acid production from wheat</li> <li>10.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from wheat</li> <li>10.6 Utilization of wheat straw</li> <li>10.7 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>10.8 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>10.9 Acknowledgements</li> <li>10.10 References</li></ul></li> <li>11. Developments in grass-/forage-based biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>11.1 Introduction</li> <li>11.2 Overview of grass-/forage-based biorefineries</li> <li>11.3 Field to biorefinery – impact of herbage chemical composition</li> <li>11.4 Green biorefinery products</li> <li>11.5 Acknowledgements</li> <li>11.6 References</li></ul></li> <li>12. Developments in glycerol byproduct-based biorefineries <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>12.1 Introduction</li> <li>12.2 Composition and purification of glycerol produced from biodiesel</li> <li>12.3 Applications of glycerol in the fuel sector</li> <li>12.4 Glycerol as raw material for the chemical industry</li> <li>12.5 Conclusions and future trends</li> <li>12.6 Sources of further information</li> <li>12.7 References</li></ul></li> </ul></li> <li>Part II: Biofuels and other added value products from biorefineries <ul> <li>13. Improving the use of liquid biofuels in internal combustion engines <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>13.1 Introduction</li> <li>13.2 Competing fuels and energy carriers</li> <li>13.3 Market penetration of liquid biofuels</li> <li>13.4 Use of liquid biofuels in internal combustion engines</li> <li>13.5 Vehicle and blending technologies for alcohol fuels and gasoline</li> <li>13.6 Future provision of renewable liquid fuels</li> <li>13.7 Conclusion</li> <li>13.8 Acknowledgements</li> <li>13.9 References and further reading</li> <li>13.10 Appendix: List of abbreviations</li></ul></li> <li>14. Biodiesel and renewable diesel production methods <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>14.1 Introduction</li> <li>14.2 Overview of biodiesel and renewable diesel</li> <li>14.3 Renewable diesel production routes</li> <li>14.4 Biodiesel production routes</li> <li>14.5 Traditional and emerging feedstocks</li> <li>14.6 Feedstock quality issues</li> <li>14.7 Advantages and limitations of biodiesel</li> <li>14.8 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>14.9 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>14.10 References</li></ul></li> <li>15. Biomethane and biohydrogen production via anaerobic digestion/fermentation <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>15.1 Introduction</li> <li>15.2 Basic principles of biogas and hydrogen production</li> <li>15.3 Biogas and biohydrogen production: technological aspects</li> <li>15.4 Production of biogas (methane) and biohydrogen from different feedstocks</li> <li>15.5 Current status and limitations</li> <li>15.6 Future trends</li> <li>15.7 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>15.8 References</li></ul></li> <li>16. The production and application of biochar in soils <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>6.1 Introduction</li> <li>16.2 Effects of application of biochar to soil</li> <li>16.3 Agricultural uses of biochar</li> <li>6.4 Production of biochar</li> <li>16.5 Larger-scale commercial production of biochar</li> <li>16.6 Testing biochar properties</li> <li>16.7 Markets and uses for biochar</li> <li>16.8 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>16.9 References</li> <li>6.10 Appendix: IBI; Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar used in soil</li></ul></li> <li>17. Development, properties and applications of high-performance biolubricants <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>17.1 Introduction</li> <li>17.2 Markets for lubricants</li> <li>17.3 Biolubricant performance requirements</li> <li>17.4 Applications of biolubricants</li> <li>17.5 Feedstocks for biolubricants: key properties</li> <li>17.6 Chemical modifications of biolubricant feedstocks</li> <li>17.7 Future trends</li> <li>17.8 Conclusion</li> <li>17.9 Acknowledgements</li> <li>17.10 References</li></ul></li> <li>18. Bio-based nutraceuticals from biorefining <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>18.1 Introduction</li> <li>18.2 Lipid-based nutraceuticals</li> <li>18.3 Protein and peptide-based nutraceuticals</li> <li>18.4 Carbohydrate-based nutraceuticals</li> <li>18.5 Other nutraceuticals</li> <li>18.6 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>18.7 References</li></ul></li> <li>19. Bio-based chemicals from biorefining: carbohydrate conversion and utilisation <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>19.1 Introduction</li> <li>19.2 Sustainable carbohydrate sources</li> <li>19.3 Chemical hydrolysis of cellulose to sugars</li> <li>19.4 Types and properties of carbohydrate-based chemicals</li> <li>19.5 Routes to market for bio-based feedstocks</li> <li>19.6 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>19.7 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>19.8 References</li></ul></li> <li>20. Bio-based chemicals from biorefining: lignin conversion and utilisation <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>20.1 Introduction</li> <li>20.2 Structure and properties of lignin</li> <li>20.3 Traditional processes for the production of lignin</li> <li>20.4 Emerging processes for the production of lignin</li> <li>20.5 Applications of lignin and lignin-based products: an overview</li> <li>20.6 Future trends</li> <li>20.7 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>20.8 References</li></ul></li> <li>21. Bio-based chemicals from biorefining: lipid and wax conversion and utilization <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>21.1 Introduction</li> <li>21.2 Types and properties of lipids and waxes</li> <li>21.3 Sources of lipids and waxes</li> <li>21.4 Methods to extract and analyze lipids and waxes</li> <li>21.5 Utilization of lipids and waxes</li> <li>21.6 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>21.7 References</li></ul></li> <li>22. Bio-based chemicals from biorefining: protein conversion and utilisation <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>22.1 Introduction</li> <li>22.2 Protein and amino acid sources derived from biofuel production</li> <li>22.3 Protein isolation, hydrolysis and isolation of amino acid chemical feedstocks</li> <li>22.4 (Bio)chemical conversion of amino acids to platform and speciality chemicals</li> <li>22.5 Alternative and novel feedstocks and production routes</li> <li>22.6 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>22.7 References</li></ul></li> <li>23. Types, processing and properties of bioadhesives for wood and fibers <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>23.1 Introduction</li> <li>23.2 Tannin adhesives</li> <li>23.3 Lignin adhesives</li> <li>23.4 Mixed tannin-lignin adhesives</li> <li>23.5 Protein adhesives</li> <li>23.6 Carbohydrate adhesives</li> <li>23.7 Unsaturated oil adhesives</li> <li>23.8 Wood welding without adhesives</li> <li>23.9 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>23.10 References</li></ul></li> <li>24. Types, properties and processing of bio-based animal feed <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>24.1 Introduction</li> <li>24.2 Background</li> <li>24.3 Types and properties of bio-based feed ingredients</li> <li>24.4 Impact of processing technology on co-product quality</li> <li>24.5 Improving feedstocks, processes and yields</li> <li>24.6 Regulatory issues</li> <li>24.7 Future trends</li> <li>24.8 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>24.9 References</li></ul></li> <li>25. The use of biomass to produce bio-based composites and building materials <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>25.1 Introduction</li> <li>25.2 Fibrous plants</li> <li>25.3 Fiber types and isolation</li> <li>25.6 Improving performance properties</li> <li>25.7 Conclusion and future trends</li> <li>25.8 Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>25.9 References</li></ul></li> <li>26. The use of biomass for packaging films and coatings <ul> <li>Abstract:</li> <li>26.1 Introduction</li> <li>26.2 Components of packaging films and coatings from the biomass</li> <li>26.3 Processes for producing bio-based films</li> <li>26.4 Processes for producing edible coatings</li> <li>26.5 Products from biomass as film and/or coating matrices</li> <li>26.6 Products from biomass as film plasticizers</li> <li>26.7 Products from biomass as crosslinking agents for packaging materials</li> <li>26.8 Products from biomass as reinforcements for packaging materials</li> <li>26.9 Future trends</li> <li>26.10 Conclusion</li> <li>26.11 Acknowledgements</li> <li>26.12 References</li></ul></li> </ul></li> <li>Index</li></ul>